Composition, content, source, and risk assessment of PAHs in intertidal sediment in Shilaoren Bay, Qingdao, China

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111499

Marine Pollution Bulletin

Volume 159, October 2020, 111499

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111499 Get rights and content

Highlights

•
Composition and content of PAHs in intertidal sediments in Shilaoren Bay, Qingdao, China.
•
Sources apportionment for PAHs in sediments
•
Ecological risk assessment of PAHs in sediments

Abstract

Intertidal sediment samples from Shilaoren Bay, Qingdao, China, were collected to determine the concentrations and compositions of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The sources of PAHs were analyzed, and risk assessment was performed. Results show that the pollution level of PAHs in the investigated area was low. The majority of PAHs are four-ring PAHs. The PAHs in this region were mainly derived from combustion sources, including the incomplete combustion of petroleum, coal, and biomass, such as vegetation, which were affected to some extent by petroleum sources. The highest concentration of PAHs in all sampling sites was lower than that of effects range low, and the mean effects range median quotient was low. Therefore, the PAHs in the study area did not have toxic and side effects on the ecological environment, and ecological risk was low.

Section snippets

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Bin Han:Methodology, Writing - original draft.Ang Liu:Formal analysis.Shuai He:Resources.Qian Li:Formal analysis.Li Zheng:Supervision.

Declaration of competing interest

All authors declare there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the project of the National Key Research and Development program (2016YFC0503602) and Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China (2017Q05).

References (27)

V. Aghadadashi et al.
Source, spatial distribution, and toxicity potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from iran’s environmentally hot zones, the persian gulf
Ecotox. Environ. Safe.
(2019)
R.H.D. Arruda-Santos et al.
Sources and distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in a tropical marine protected area estuary under influence of sugarcane cultivation
Sci. Total Environ.
(2018)
W. Deng et al.
Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment of mud areas in the East China Sea using diagnostic ratios and factor analysis
Mar. Pollut. Bull.
(2013)
D.R. Dudhagara et al.
Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of pahs in historically contaminated surface sediments at Bhavnagar coast, Gujarat, India
Environ. Pollut.
(2016)
B. Han et al.
Risk assessment and source apportionment of PAHs in surface sediments from Caofeidian Long Island, China
Mar. Pollut. Bull.
(2019)
J. Han et al.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) geographical distribution in China and their source, risk assessment analysis
Environ. Pollut.
(2019)
A.K. Haritash et al.
Biodegradation aspects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review
J. Hazard. Mater.
(2009)
F.X. Lin et al.
Distribution characteristics, sources, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Qinhuangdao coastal wetland, China
Mar. Pollut. Bull.
(2018)
N. Liu et al.
Application of the biomarker responses in scallop (chlamys farreri) to assess metals and pahs pollution in Jiaozhou bay, China
Mar. Environ. Res.
(2012)
R.A. Nascimento et al.
Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and organic matter in surface sediments of an estuary under petroleum activity influence, todos os Santos bay, Brazil
Mar. Pollut. Bull.
(2017)

A.M. Wagner et al.

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) from legacy spills at an alaskan arctic site underlain by permafrost

Cold Reg. Sci. Technol.

(2019)

X.C. Wang et al.

Sources and distribution of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Jiaozhou bay, Qingdao, China

Mar. Pollut.Bull.

(2006)

D. Zhang et al.

Distribution, sources and potential risk assessment of pahs in surface soil of Qingdao city

Urban Environ. Urban Ecol.

(2016)

Cited by (17)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a Natural Heritage Estuary influenced by anthropogenic activities in the South Atlantic: Integrating multiple source apportionment approaches
2023, Marine Pollution Bulletin
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in the sediments of one of the most well-preserved estuaries in South Brazil, the Paranaguá Estuarine System (PES), using several source apportionment tools. The ∑PAH ranged from < DL to 125.6 ng g⁻¹ dw (dry weight) (average 29.9 ± 26.1 ng g⁻¹ dw), and the lowest levels detected were similar to those found in other protected areas of the world. In general, the PAH concentrations indicated excellent environmental quality for the entire estuary. Principal component analysis indicated that fine sediments and total organic carbon were the main factors controlling PAH concentrations in the PES. Multiple PAH sources were identified in the study area; biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion predominated but considerable amounts of petrogenic residues were also observed. We identified evidence of a contribution from an adjacent watershed resulting from the construction of interconnections between large rivers and from years of intense deforestation in the local Atlantic Forest.
Residues of persistent toxic substances in surface soils of Ny-Ålesund in the arctic: Occurrence, source, and ecological risk assessment
2022, Chemosphere
Citation Excerpt :
The value of BaA/(BaA + Chr) was less than 0.2 in 12.5% sites and greater than 0.35 in 25% sites, indicating that petroleum leakage and incomplete combustion of coal and biomass also had certain effects. The Fla/((Fla + Pyr) value in 87.5% samples was between 0.4 and 0.5, indicating that the input of PAHs was related to petroleum combustion and partly came from incomplete combustion of coal and wood(Dudhagara et al., 2016; Han et al., 2020a,b). The characteristic ratios showed that the PAHs mainly came from petroleum sources and petroleum combustion sources and partly came from incomplete combustion of coal and biomass.
In this paper, the characteristics of persistent toxic substances (PTSs) in soil of Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic during the 10th Chinese Arctic (Arctic Ocean) scientific investigation were quantitatively analyzed. The sources and toxicity risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil was also analyzed. No obvious spatial distribution of PAHs was identified in the study area. LMW-PAHs are the main PAHs in this region, mainly tricyclic PAHs. The results of characteristic ratio method and PCA showed that the PAHs in soil mainly came from petroleum source and petroleum combustion source, and incomplete combustion of coal and wood, and atmospheric transport contributed to some extent. Ecological risk assessment results showed that the PAHs in soil did not bring toxicity risk, and the possibility of ecological risk was very low in Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic.
Spatiotemporal PAH levels in the coastal sediment of Samsun, a Metropolis between Turkey's two largest deltas
2022, Marine Pollution Bulletin
Surface sediments were sampled seasonally along the Samsun coastline to assess the source, distribution, and ecological risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The total PAHs levels, varied between 71.64 and 1186.87 ng g⁻¹ with the mean of 295.79 ng g⁻¹, were consistent with sediment studies worldwide. Diagnosis rates revealed that PAHs in sediments along the Samsun coastline are primarily sourced from biomass, coal and petroleum combustion and petroleum at lesser extent. The three-ring PAHs (34.9 %) were proportionally high, followed by 4-ring PAHs (25 %). Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), administered to evaluate biological effects of individual PAH, indicated adverse biological effects (≥TEL and < PEL) seasonally in some stations. With respect to the risk quotient, the risk arisen by PAHs in the coastal sediments of Samsun found to be moderate to high ecological risk.
Review on the contamination and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal soil and sediments
2022, Environmental Research
Citation Excerpt :
Environmental degradation due to the rapid expansion of tourism is only merely a very serious problem but also a widespread phenomenon in tourism rich regions (Leu, 2019; Luo, 2017). A great environment can effectively promote the economic development of tourist cities, and therefore the level of PAHs in coastal tourist cities is relatively low (Han et al., 2020; Vitali et al., 2019), which is often associated with stringent government regulation and the introduction of laws and regulations (Singh et al., 2020). Meanwhile, the coastal habitats of the tourist towns are estuaries, seagrass, mangroves and macroalgae beds, which may increase the natural degradation rate of PAHs.
The rapid economic and population growth in coastal areas is causing increasingly serious polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in these regions. This review compared the PAHs pollution characteristics of different coastal areas, including industrial zones, commercial ports, touristic cities, aquacultural & agricultural areas, oil & gas exploitation areas and megacities. Currently there are various treatment methods to remediate soils and sediments contaminated with PAHs. However, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive overview of all the available remediation technologies up to date, so appropriate technologies can be selected to remediate PAHs pollution. In view of that, we analyzed the characteristics of the remediation mechanism, summarized the remediation methods for soil or sediments in coastal areas, which were physical repair, chemical oxidation, bioremediation and integrated approaches. Besides, this review also reported the development of new multi-functional green and sustainable systems, namely, micro-nano bubble (MNB), biochar, reversible surfactants and peracetic acid. While physical repair, expensive but efficient, was regarded as a suitable method for the PAHs remediation in coastal areas because of land shortage, integrated approaches would produce better results. The ultimate aim of the review was to ensure the successful restructuring of PAHs contaminated soil and sediments in coastal areas. Due to the environment heterogeneity, PAHs pollution in coastal areas remains as a daunting challenge. Therefore, new and suitable technologies are still needed to address the environmental issue.
Remediation of soils and sediments polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: To immobilize, mobilize, or degrade?
2021, Journal of Hazardous Materials
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are generated due to incomplete burning of organic substances. Use of fossil fuels is the primary anthropogenic cause of PAHs emission in natural settings. Although several PAH compounds exist in the natural environmental setting, only 16 of these compounds are considered priority pollutants. PAHs imposes several health impacts on humans and other living organisms due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic properties. The specific characteristics of PAHs, such as their high hydrophobicity and low water solubility, influence their active adsorption onto soils and sediments, affecting their bioavailability and subsequent degradation. Therefore, this review first discusses various sources of PAHs, including source identification techniques, bioavailability, and interactions of PAHs with soils and sediments. Then this review addresses the remediation technologies adopted so far of PAHs in soils and sediments using immobilization techniques (capping, stabilization, dredging, and excavation), mobilization techniques (thermal desorption, washing, electrokinetics, and surfactant assisted), and biological degradation techniques. The pros and cons of each technology are discussed. A detailed systematic compilation of eco-friendly approaches used to degrade PAHs, such as phytoremediation, microbial remediation, and emerging hybrid or integrated technologies are reviewed along with case studies and provided prospects for future research.
Spatial-temporal Distribution and Source Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Sediments of Poyang Lake
2024, Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

BaselineComposition, content, source, and risk assessment of PAHs in intertidal sediment in Shilaoren Bay, Qingdao, China

Highlights

Abstract

Section snippets

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Declaration of competing interest

Acknowledgments

Ecotox. Environ. Safe.

Sci. Total Environ.

Mar. Pollut. Bull.

Environ. Pollut.

Mar. Pollut. Bull.

Environ. Pollut.

J. Hazard. Mater.

Mar. Pollut. Bull.

Mar. Environ. Res.

Mar. Pollut. Bull.

Cold Reg. Sci. Technol.

Mar. Pollut.Bull.

Urban Environ. Urban Ecol.

Baseline
Composition, content, source, and risk assessment of PAHs in intertidal sediment in Shilaoren Bay, Qingdao, China