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Specific occupational profiles as proxies of cognitive reserve induce neuroprotection in dementia with Lewy bodies

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Abstract

Cognitive reserve (CR) delays cognitive decline due to neurodegeneration. Heterogeneous evidence suggests that education may act as CR in Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). No data, however, are currently available on the role of occupation as proxy of CR in this neuropathology. Thirty-three patients with probable DLB were retrospectively included. We performed regression analyses models (TFCE p < 0.05) and seed-based interregional correlation analyses (p = 0.001, FWE-corrected at cluster-level) with brain metabolism. We aimed at exploring the relationship between brain metabolic connectivity, as assessed by FDG-PET, in the relevant resting-state networks and CR proxies (education, 6-levels occupation, and the specific O*Net occupational profiles). Education modulates executive (ECN), attentive (ATTN) and posterior default mode (PDMN) networks in the highly educated DLB subjects, as shown by an increased metabolic connectivity, acting as a compensatory mechanism. High scores of the 6-levels occupation scale were associated with a decreased connectivity in the anterior default mode (ADMN) and high visual network (HVN), suggesting brain reserve mechanisms. As for the specific O*Net occupational profiles, these modulated ADMN, PDMN, ATTN, ECN, HVN and primary visual network (PVN) connectivity according to different neuroprotection mechanisms, namely neural reserve and compensation against neurodegeneration. This study highlights the relevance of life-long occupational activities at individual level in the neural expression of compensatory and neuroprotective mechanisms in DLB.

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Data availability

Data used in preparation of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

CR:

cognitive reserve

JSC:

Jaccard similarity coefficient

PVN:

primary visual network

HVN:

high visual network

ECN:

frontal executive control networks

ATTN:

attentional network

ADMN:

anterior default mode network

PDMN:

posterior default mode network

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Funding sources

This work was supported by CARIPLO Project “Evaluation of autonomic, genetic, imaging and biochemical markers for Parkinson-related dementia: longitudinal assessment of a PD cohort” 2016–2020 (grant agreement no. 2014–0832)” (D.P.) and by the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Finalizzata Progetto Reti Nazionale AD NET-2011-02346784), the IVASCOMAR project “Identificazione, validazione e sviluppo commerciale di nuovi biomarcatori diagnostici prognostici per malattie complesse” (grant agreement no. CTN01_00177_165430).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

    Giulia Carli, Cecilia Boccalini, Massimo Filippi & Daniela Perani

  2. Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Giulia Carli, Cecilia Boccalini, Massimo Filippi & Daniela Perani

  3. Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy

    Giovanna Vanoli & Daniela Perani

  4. Clinical Neuroscience Department, San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy

    Sandro Iannaccone

  5. Department of Neurology and INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Filippi, Sandro Iannaccone & Giuseppe Magnani

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  1. Giulia Carli
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  2. Cecilia Boccalini
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  3. Giovanna Vanoli
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  4. Massimo Filippi
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  5. Sandro Iannaccone
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  6. Giuseppe Magnani
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  7. Daniela Perani
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Contributions

Giulia Carli: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Cecilia Boccalini: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing - review & editing. Giovanna Vanoli: Resources, Investigation. Massimo Filippi: Resources, Investigation. Sandro Iannaccone: Resources, Investigation. Giuseppe Magnani: Resources, Investigation. Daniela Perani: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniela Perani.

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The experimental procedure was approved by the local Ethical Committee. The protocol conformed to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki for protection of human subjects. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Carli, G., Boccalini, C., Vanoli, G. et al. Specific occupational profiles as proxies of cognitive reserve induce neuroprotection in dementia with Lewy bodies. Brain Imaging and Behavior 15, 1427–1437 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00342-2

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