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Is Fertility Affected in Women of Childbearing Age with Multiple Sclerosis or Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder?

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which is more prevalent among women of childbearing age. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe autoimmune disease of the CNS with similar prevalence features to MS and has recently been considered a different entity from MS. Measuring ovarian reserve is one way of evaluating fertility. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a peptide hormone produced by ovarian granulosa cells of early follicles and is considered to be a marker for ovarian reserve. With MS and NMOSD predominance in young women, the present study aimed to address the possibility of these diseases affecting fertility by measuring AMH levels in MS and NMOSD patients and comparing it with healthy controls. The present study included 23 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, 23 seronegative NMOSD patients, and 23 healthy age-matched controls between 18 and 45 years of age. Serum samples of the three groups were collected, and the AMH levels were measured with AMH Gen II Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Beckman Coulter kit. In the present study, the AMH levels did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.996). The mean AMH in the RRMS group was 3.59 ± 0.55 ng/ml compared with the mean of 3.60 ± 0.50 ng/ml in healthy controls. The mean AMH levels in the NMOSD group were 3.66 ± 0.61 ng/ml. Lower levels of AMH were found to be negatively associated with annualized relapse rate (in both groups of patients) and MS severity score. However, the difference was not significant. In NMOSD patients, the serum levels of AMH were negatively associated with disease duration (r = − 0.42, p = 0.023). There had been a significant negative correlation between mean AMH serum levels with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the time of diagnosis and at the time of study in the NMOSD group (r = − 0.402, p = 0.03 and r = − 0.457, p = 0.014, respectively). There was not a significant difference in mean serum AMH levels between RRMS and NMOSD patients compared with that of healthy controls. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted, which take more variables affecting fertility in women with either RRMS or NMOSD into account to put an end to the controversial issue of fertility in this area.

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Funding

This study was funded by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Students’ Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Niyousha Sadeghpour & Omid Mirmosayyeb

  2. Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Omid Mirmosayyeb & Vahid Shaygannejad

  3. Universal Council of Epidemiology (UCE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

    Omid Mirmosayyeb

  4. Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway

    Geir Bjørklund

  5. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Vahid Shaygannejad

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  1. Niyousha Sadeghpour
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  2. Omid Mirmosayyeb
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  3. Geir Bjørklund
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  4. Vahid Shaygannejad
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Correspondence to Geir Bjørklund or Vahid Shaygannejad.

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All participants gave written informed consent. All procedures performed were approved by the ethics committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (the study code of 396539) and in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the Code of Ethics of The World Association (Declaration of Helsinki) and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Sadeghpour, N., Mirmosayyeb, O., Bjørklund, G. et al. Is Fertility Affected in Women of Childbearing Age with Multiple Sclerosis or Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder?. J Mol Neurosci 70, 1829–1835 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-020-01576-x

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