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Effect of initial packing density, stress level and particle size ratio on the behavior of binary granular material: a micromechanical approach

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Abstract

The geo-mechanical behavior of granular materials rigorously depends on their initial packing density, stress level and particle size distribution. Moreover, the behavior of binary granular soil is affected by the quality and quantity of their small particles named the fines content (FC). The contribution mechanism of the FC to the load-bearing structure of the soil at various particle sizes, stress levels and densities is still pending. The present study aimed to use a micromechanical approach to simulate the behavior of binary mixtures with particle size ratios (α) of 2.5 to 7.1 and study the effect of stress level and initial packing density on the stress–strain behavior using discrete element method (DEM). Accordingly, the effect of FC on the internal friction angle, anisotropy parameters, coordination number and coarse–fine (C–F) contacts have been studied. The results indicate that the variation in peak shear strength versus FC is bell-shaped with a minimum for FC of 30% to 40% and this is independent of initial packing density and stress level, but depending on the value of α. The greater particle size ratios (α = 7.1) increase the tendency of fines particles to rotate during biaxial testing, reduced the shear strength in comparison with samples with small particle size ratios (α = 2.5). Exceeding the threshold FC (30–40%) led to formation of stronger force chains among the fines and increased the role of FC on the peak shear strength.

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Abbreviations

a c :

Anisotropy coefficient of contact normal

a n :

Anisotropy coefficient of normal contact force

a t :

Anisotropy coefficient of tangent contact force

ε 1 :

Axial strain

C–C :

Coarse–coarse

C–F :

Coarse–fine

P :

Confining pressure

C N :

Coordination number

D :

Packing density

FC :

Fines content

F–F :

Fine–Fine

μ:

Friction coefficient between particles

φ :

Internal friction angle

D c :

Maximum diameter of coarse grains

D f :

Minimum diameter of fine grains

K n :

Normal stiffness

F n :

Normal force

N t :

Number of particles

PSD :

Particle size distribution

α:

Particle size ratio

PFA :

Peak friction angle

δ:

Relative tangential surface displacement at the contact

q :

Shear stress

q/p :

Stress ratio

K S :

Tangent stiffness

ε v :

Volumetric strain

ζ :

Relative displacement of particle in the normal direction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Qom, Qom, Iran

    Fatemeh Vahidi-Nia, Hamed Bayesteh & Mahdi Khodaparast

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  1. Fatemeh Vahidi-Nia
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  2. Hamed Bayesteh
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Correspondence to Hamed Bayesteh.

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Vahidi-Nia, F., Bayesteh, H. & Khodaparast, M. Effect of initial packing density, stress level and particle size ratio on the behavior of binary granular material: a micromechanical approach. Granular Matter 22, 68 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-020-01036-8

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