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A consilience-driven approach to land use history in relation to reconstructing forest land use legacies

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Abstract

Context

The importance of societal factors in shaping forest area, structure and composition through economic activity, policy, governance, and population changes is frequently acknowledged in ecologic studies, however the specific socioeconomic factors that lead to land use change through time are rarely articulated.

Objectives

We present a consilience-driven approach for integrating socioeconomic and paleoecologic data to explore land use legacies and interpret causes of past abrupt environmental change.

Methods

We combine paleoecologic history reconstructed from pollen analysis of lake sediments and contemporary historical narratives of socioeconomic change developed from archival sources illustrated by three case studies from two sites in the Italian Apennines.

Results

We found that in the Rieti Basin, central Italy, between 850 and 900 AD (coeval with the beginning of the Medieval Climate Anomaly—MCA), under the new Carolingian rule, the imperially sponsored monastery at Farfa consolidated small landholdings, leading to more active land management and significant forest loss for agricultural activities. In contrast, at Pollino in southern Italy between 1050 and 1100 AD, also during the MCA, Norman conquest helped to convert a deforested landscape into an actively managed fir forest for timber needed for construction. At both sites, depopulation and land management between 1350 and 1400 AD caused by the Black Death, led to forest rewilding, however each site took a different trajectory.

Conclusions

The studies presented offer examples of how the integration of detailed historical narratives with high-resolution paleoecologic reconstructions can provide a more nuanced examination of the interrelationship between societal factors and climate forcing in shaping land-use legacies and has the capacity to illuminate the link between specific human pressures and pathways of ecological change over many centuries.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the “FISR-MIUR Italian Mountain Lab” project and MIUR (Ministry for Education, University and Research) initiative Department of Excellence (Law 232/2016) to G.P. and National Science Foundation award (GSS-1228126) to SM. We thank Giuseppe De Vivo, Vittoria Marchianò and Aldo Schettino for the support during the coring activity of Lago di Pesce in the Pollino National Park, Irene Tunno for pollen analysis, Leonardo Sagnotti, Fabio Florindo, and Susan Zimmerman for development of the Lago Lungo age model, and Paula Noble and Claire Archer for field assistance.

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  1. Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA

    Scott Mensing, Edward M. Schoolman, Jordan Palli & Gianluca Piovesan

  2. Department of History, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89957-0154, USA

    Scott Mensing, Edward M. Schoolman, Jordan Palli & Gianluca Piovesan

  3. Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), Università Degli Studi Della Tuscia, 10011, Viterbo, Italy

    Scott Mensing, Edward M. Schoolman, Jordan Palli & Gianluca Piovesan

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Land-use legacies and forest change: understanding the past to forecast the future, 10 IALE Congress, Milano, Italy 2019.

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Mensing, S., Schoolman, E.M., Palli, J. et al. A consilience-driven approach to land use history in relation to reconstructing forest land use legacies. Landscape Ecol 35, 2645–2658 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01079-5

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