Abstract
In this work, results on the causes that could promote the abnormal spallation of the oxides formed on the surface of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels are presented. By means of Rietveld refining of X-ray diffraction spectra, scanning electron microscopy analyses and calculations, it was found that the value of the thermal stress experienced by the oxide scale reached a maximum when the oxide scale was comprised by 65% wt magnetite Fe3O4 and 24% wt wustite FeO this, due to the incomplete transformation of the latter phase to Fe3O4 and α-Fe from cooling from 670 °C to ambient temperature. Contrarily, it was found that when a balance in the amount of Fe3O4 and FeO was 46.4 and 46.5%wt respectively, the calculated thermal stress was reduced, and oxide spallation was not that severe. The reasons for oxide scale detachment from the surface of the steels are explained in terms of the adhesion energy of the bulk oxide scale, the amount of magnetite Fe3O4 present in the oxides and the chemical composition of the steel particularly the elements chromium and titanium.
Funding source: Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT)
Award Identifier / Grant number: 238232
Funding source: Mexican Program for Lecturer Formation and Development (PRODEP)
Funding source: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL)
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) for the support given to the project Basic Science 238232, the Mexican Program for Lecturer Formation and Development (PRODEP), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL) and Ternium México S.A de C.V for the facilities provided to develop this investigation.
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Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: The authors would like to thank the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) for the support given to the project Basic Science, the Mexican Program for Lecturer Formation and Development (PRODEP), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL).
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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