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LinSSS: linear decomposition of heterogeneous subsurface scattering for real-time screen-space rendering

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Abstract

Screen-space subsurface scattering is currently the most common approach to represent translucent materials in real-time rendering. However, most of the current approaches approximate the diffuse reflectance profile of translucent materials as a symmetric function, whereas the profile has an asymmetric shape in nature. To address this problem, we propose LinSSS, a numerical representation of heterogeneous subsurface scattering for real-time screen-space rendering. Although our representation is built upon a previous method, it makes two contributions. First, LinSSS formulates the diffuse reflectance profile as a linear combination of radially symmetric Gaussian functions. Nevertheless, it can also represent the spatial variation and the radial asymmetry of the profile. Second, since LinSSS is formulated using only the Gaussian functions, the convolution of the diffuse reflectance profile can be efficiently calculated in screen space. To further improve the efficiency, we deform the rendering equation obtained using LinSSS by factoring common convolution terms and approximate the convolution processes using a MIP map. Consequently, our method works as fast as the state-of-the-art method, while our method successfully represents the heterogeneity of scattering.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments to significantly improve the quality of the paper. We thank Pietre Peers, Xin Tong, and Yue Dong for providing us their measured BSSRDF data. We also thank Hiroyuki Kubo, Takahito Aoto, and Hubert P. H. Shum for their constructive discussion on this study.

Funding

This project was jointly supported by JSPS KAKENHI (JP18K18075, JP20H04203, JP17H06101, and JP19H01129), JST ACCEL (JPMJAC1602), JST Mirai Project (JPMJMI19B2), and a Grant-in-Aid from the Waseda Institute of Advanced Science and Engineering.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Tatsuya Yatagawa

  2. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan

    Yasushi Yamaguchi

  3. Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

    Shigeo Morishima

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  1. Tatsuya Yatagawa
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  2. Yasushi Yamaguchi
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Correspondence to Tatsuya Yatagawa.

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Yatagawa, T., Yamaguchi, Y. & Morishima, S. LinSSS: linear decomposition of heterogeneous subsurface scattering for real-time screen-space rendering. Vis Comput 36, 1979–1992 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-020-01915-4

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