Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) between a substructure and veneer using two different veneering techniques: (i) liner and (ii) liner + dentine powder sprinkling). The first technique simply uses liners that act as bonding layers between the substructure and veneering material; the second technique consists of liners on which there has been dentine powder sprinkled. The SBS tests were performed using a universal testing machine (UTM) and the modes of failure were identified for various samples. The results revealed that the mean SBS of the zirconium oxide (ZrO2) of the sprinkling group was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of the ZrO2 without sprinkling group (27.2 ± 3.95 MPa and 22 ± 3.30 MPa, respectively). Likewise, the mean SBS of the lithium disilicate (LDS) with sprinkling group was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of the LDS without sprinkling group (33.1 ± 3.24 MPa and 19.9 ± 3.82 MPa, respectively). The ZrO2 samples without sprinkling exhibited a combination of adhesive failure and cohesive failure in the veneer itself, whereas with sprinkling exhibited mostly adhesive failure, not cohesive failure. The LDS samples without sprinkling exhibited all types of failures with predominantly cohesive failure of the core; however, the LDS with sprinkling exhibited commonly the cohesive failure of the core.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
15 December 2020
A Correction to this paper has been published: <ExternalRef><RefSource>https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-020-00546-1</RefSource><RefTarget Address="10.1007/s41779-020-00546-1" TargetType="DOI"/></ExternalRef>
References
Beuer, F., Schweiger, J., Eichberger, M., Kappert, H.F., Gernet, W., Edelhoff, D.: High-strength CAD/CAM-fabricated veneering material sintered to zirconia copings—a new fabrication mode for all-ceramic restorations. Dent. Mater. 25(1), 121–128 (2009)
Cetik, S., Vincent, M., Atash, R.: Effect of cosmetic ceramics on fracture toughness of all-ceramic restorations. J. Dent. (Tehran, Iran). 15(3), 137 (2018)
Aboushelib, M.N., Feilzer, A.J., Kleverlaan, C.J.: Bridging the gap between clinical failure and laboratory fracture strength tests using a fractographic approach. Dent Mater. 25(3), 383–391 (2009)
Shehata, W.K., Aziz, A.E., El-Naggar, G.A., Abdel Ghany, O.S.: Effect of sandblasting and zirconia primer application on the zirconia-cement shear bond strength (an in-vitro study). Al-Azhar Dent. J. Girls. 5(2), 187–194 (2018)
Aboushelib, M.N., De Jager, N., Kleverlaan, C.J., Feilzer, A.J.: Microtensile bond strength of different components of core veneered all-ceramic restorations. Dent. Mater. 21(10), 984–991 (2005)
Aboushelib, M.N., Kleverlaan, C.J., Feilzer, A.J.: Microtensile bond strength of different components of core veneered all-ceramic restorations: part II: zirconia veneering ceramics. Dent. Mater. 22(9), 857–863 (2006)
Guazzato, M., Proos, K., Quach, L., Swain, M.V.: Strength, reliability and mode of fracture of bilayered porcelain/zirconia (Y-TZP) dental ceramics. Biomaterials. 25(20), 5045–5052 (2004)
Tsalouchou, E., Cattell, M.J., Knowles, J.C., Pittayachawan, P., McDonald, A.: Fatigue and fracture properties of yttria partially stabilized zirconia crown systems. Dent. Mater. 24(3), 308–318 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2007.05.011
Al-Dohan, H.M., Yaman, P., Dennison, J.B., Razzoog, M.E., Lang, B.R.: Shear strength of core-veneer interface in bi-layered ceramics. J. Prosthet. Dent. 91(4), 349–355 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.02.009
Ishibe, M., Raigrodski, A.J., Flinn, B.D., Chung, K.-H., Spiekerman, C., Winter, R.R.: Shear bond strengths of pressed and layered veneering ceramics to high-noble alloy and zirconia cores. J. Prosthet. Dent. 106(1), 29–37 (2011)
Albakry, M., Guazzato, M., Swain, M.V.: Fracture toughness and hardness evaluation of three pressable all-ceramic dental materials. J. Dent. 31(3), 181–188 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-5712(03)00025-3
Benetti, P., Della Bona, A., Kelly, J.R.: Evaluation of thermal compatibility between core and veneer dental ceramics using shear bond strength test and contact angle measurement. Dent. Mater. 26(8), 743–750 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.03.019
Guess, P.C., Kulis, A., Witkowski, S., Wolkewitz, M., Zhang, Y., Strub, J.R.: Shear bond strengths between different zirconia cores and veneering ceramics and their susceptibility to thermocycling. Dent. Mater. 24(11), 1556–1567 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2008.03.028
Aboushelib, M.N., Kleverlaan, C.J., Feilzer, A.J.: Effect of zirconia type on its bond strength with different veneer ceramics. J. Prosthodont. 17(5), 401–408 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2008.00306.x
Kim, S.-H., Park, C.-J., Cho, L.-R., Huh, Y.-H.: Evaluation of the ceramic liner bonding effect between zirconia and lithium disilicate. J. Prosthet. Dent. 120(2), 282–289 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.10.022
Lee, Y.H., Park, C.J., Cho, L.R., Ko, K.H., Huh, Y.H.: Effects of lithium and phosphorus on the efficacy of a liner for increasing the shear bond strength between lithium disilicate and zirconia. J. Adhes. Dent. 20(6), 535–540 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a41629
Tholey, M.J., Just, B.A., Fischer, J.: Effect of surface treatment on the roughness of all-ceramic materials. Dent. Mater. 31, e5 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.011
Wattanasirmkit, K., Srimaneepong, V., Kanchanatawewat, K., Monmaturapoj, N., Thunyakitpisal, P., Jinawath, S.: Improving shear bond strength between feldspathic porcelain and zirconia substructure with lithium disilicate glass-ceramic liner. Dent. Mater. J. 34(3), 302–309 (2015). https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2014-319
Durand, J.-C., Jacquot, B., Salehi, H., Margerit, J., Cuisinier, F.J.G.: Confocal Raman microscopy and SEM/EDS investigations of the interface between the zirconia core and veneering ceramic: the influence of a liner and regeneration firing. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 23(6), 1343–1353 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-012-4616-4
Kim, H.-J., Lim, H.-P., Park, Y.-J., Vang, M.-S.: Effect of zirconia surface treatments on the shear bond strength of veneering ceramic. J. Prosthet. Dent. 105(5), 315–322 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3913(11)60060-7
Zaher, A.M., Hochstedler, J.L., Rueggeberg, F.A., Kee, E.L.: Shear bond strength of zirconia-based ceramics veneered with 2 different techniques. J. Prosthet. Dent. 118(2), 221–227 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.11.016
Oladapo, B.I., Abolfazl Zahedi, S., Vahidnia, F., Ikumapayi, O.M., Farooq, M.U.: Three-dimensional finite element analysis of a porcelain crowned tooth. Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 7(4), 461–464 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjbas.2018.04.002
Cevik, P., Cengiz, D., Malkoc, M.A.: Bond strength of veneering porcelain to zirconia after different surface treatments. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 30(22), 2466–2476 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2016.1184779
Kosmac, T., Oblak, C., Jevnikar, P., Funduk, N., Marion, L.: The effect of surface grinding and sandblasting on flexural strength and reliability of Y-TZP zirconia ceramic. Dent. Mater. 15(6), 426–433 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0109-5641(99)00070-6
Thompson, J.Y., Stoner, B.R., Piascik, J.R., Smith, R.: Adhesion/cementation to zirconia and other non-silicate ceramics: where are we now? Dent. Mater. 27(1), 71–82 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.10.022
Fischer, J., Grohmann, P., Stawarczyk, B.: Effect of zirconia surface treatments on the shear strength of zirconia/veneering ceramic composites. Dent. Mater. J. 27(3), 448–454 (2008)
Wolfart, M., Lehmann, F., Wolfart, S., Kern, M.: Durability of the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic after using different surface conditioning methods. Dent. Mater. 23(1), 45–50 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2005.11.040
Harding, A.B., Norling, B.K., Teixeira, E.C.: The effect of surface treatment of the interfacial surface on fatigue-related microtensile bond strength of milled zirconia to veneering porcelain. J. Prosthodont. Implant Esthetic Reconstruct. Dent. 21(5), 346–352 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2012.00843.x
Abdullah, A.O., Muhammed, F.K., Yu, H., Pollington, S., Xudong, S., Liu, Y.: The impact of laser scanning on zirconia coating and shear bond strength using veneer ceramic material. Dent. Mater. J. (2019). https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2018-091
de Mello, C.C., Bitencourt, S.B., dos Santos, D.M., Pesqueira, A.A., Pellizzer, E.P., Goiato, M.C.: The effect of surface treatment on shear bond strength between Y-TZP and veneer ceramic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Prosthodont. Implant Esthetic Reconstruct. Dent. 27(7), 624–635 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12727
Dimitriou, A., Hale, M.D., Spear, M.J.: The effect of four methods of surface activation for improved adhesion of wood polymer composites (WPCs). Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 68, 188–194 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.03.003
Luthardt, R.G., Holzhuter, M., Sandkuhl, O., Herold, V., Schnapp, J.D., Kuhlisch, E., Walter, M.: Reliability and properties of ground Y-TZP-zirconia ceramics. J. Dent. Res. 81(7), 487–491 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910208100711
Zhang, Y., Lawn, B.: Long-term strength of ceramics for biomedical applications. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater. 69(2), 166–172 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.20039
Della Bona, A., Kelly, J.R.: The clinical success of all-ceramic restorations. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 139(Suppl), 8s–13s (2008). https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0361
Vult von Steyern, P., Ebbesson, S., Holmgren, J., Haag, P., Nilner, K.: Fracture strength of two oxide ceramic crown systems after cyclic pre-loading and thermocycling. J Oral Rehabil. 33(9), 682–689 (2006). doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01604.x
Sailer, I., Feher, A., Filser, F., Gauckler, L.J., Luthy, H., Hammerle, C.H.: Five-year clinical results of zirconia frameworks for posterior fixed partial dentures. Int. J. Prosthodont. 20(4), 383–388 (2007)
Sailer, I., Feher, A., Filser, F., Luthy, H., Gauckler, L.J., Scharer, P., Franz Hammerle, C.H.: Prospective clinical study of zirconia posterior fixed partial dentures: 3-year follow-up. Quintessence Int. 37(9), 685–693 (2006)
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University for funding through Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs, Engr. Abdullah Bugshan research chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation (DOR).
Funding
This research work was funded by Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University for funding through Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs, Engr. Abdullah Bugshan research chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation (DOR).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
AlOmary, A., AlHabbad, F., Gomawi, A. et al. Bond strength evaluation of lithium disilicate and zirconium oxide-based substructures using two different veneering techniques. J Aust Ceram Soc 57, 1–7 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-020-00505-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-020-00505-w