Abstract
The present review of high- and low-temperature minerals demonstrates the value of the pyrometamorphic rocks, altered varicolored marble (cement zones), travertine, and regolith in Jordan as analogues of cementitious repositories. The alkaline leachate contains hazardous elements such as Zn, Cd, Fe, Ni, Cu, V, Cr, Fe, Mo, As, Co, U, etc. The sites offer a good chance to investigate the interaction of the circulating high alkaline water with the rocks. The unusual high- and low-temperature minerals proved to be durable elements immobilizers which act as sinks for hazardous trace elements. The identified minerals and the solid solution series are indicators of the long-term behavior of natural analogues of cement-dominated repositories.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Ajarmeh N, Khoury H (2018) Apatite-rich pyrometamorphic rocks from Suweileh area. Jordan Arab J Geosci DOI 11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3874-y.AJGS-D-18-00605.1
Abdul-Jaber Q, Khoury H (1998) Unusual mineralization in the Maqarin area(North Jordan) and the occurrence of some rare minerals in the marbles and the weathered rocks., N Jb Geol Palaeont Abh 208,603-629, Stuttgart
Alexander W, (Ed) (1992) A natural analogue study of the Maqarin hyperalkaline groundwaters. Phase I. Nagra Technical Report, NTB 91-10, Nagra, Wettingen, Switzerland
Alexander WR, Milodowski AE, Khoury HN, Salameh E (1995) Why go to Jordan to worry about Wellenberg? A study of the interaction between cement derived hyperalkaline water and sedimentary rocks. Schweiz Mineral Petrogr Mitt 75:467–468
Alexander WR, Laine HM, Khoury H (2014) THE long-term durability of low alkali cements: Evidence from new natural analogue sites in Europe and North Africa. DAEF 2014, Deep Geological Disposal, Cologne, 24–26 September, P 19
Britvin S, Vapnik Y, Polekhovsky Y, Krivovichev S (2013) Murashkoite, FeP, a new terrestrial phosphide from pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim formation, south Levant Murashkoite, IMA 2012-071. CNMNC newsletter no. 15, February 2013, page 8; Mineral Mag, 77, 1–12
Britvin S, Murashko M, Vapnik Y, Polekhovsky Y, Krivovichev S (2015) Earth’s phosphides in Levant and insights into the source of Archean prebiotic phosphorus. Sci Rep 5:8355. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08355
Broekmans M (2016) Highlights and breakthroughs safe long-term immobilization of heavy metals: looking at natural rocks. Am Mineral 101:3–4
Clark I, Dayal R, Khoury H (1994) The Maqarin (Jordan) natural analogue for attenuation in cementitious barriers. Waste Manag 14(5):467–477
Clark I, Fritz P, Seidlitz H, Trimborn P, Milodowski A, Pearce J, Khoury H (1993) Recarbonation of metamorphosed marls. Jordan, Applied Geochemistry 8:473–481
Eckhardt FJ, Heimbach W (1963) Ein nat¨urliches Vorkommen von CaCrO4 (Chromatit). Naturwiss. 50:612 (in German)
Elie M, Techer I, Trotignon L, Khoury H, Salameh E, Vandamme D, Boulvais P, Fourcade S (2007) Cementation of kerogen-rich marls by alkaline fluids released during weathering of thermally metamorphosed marly sediments. Part II: organic matter evolution, magnetic susceptibility and metals (Ti, Cr, Fe) at the Khushaym Matruck natural analogue (Central Jordan). Appl Geochem 22:1311–1328
Fleurance S, Cuney M, Malartre M, Reyx J (2013) Origin of the extreme polymetallic enrichment (Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, U, V, Zn) of the Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary Belqa Group, Central Jordan. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 369:201–219
Fourcade S, Trotignon L, Boulvais P, Techer I, Elie M, Vandamme D, Salameh E, Khoury H (2007) Cementation of kerogen-rich marls by alkaline fluids released during weathering of thermally metamorphosed marly sediments. Part I: isotopic (C, O) study of the Khushaym Matruk natural analogue (Central Jordan). Appl Geochem 22:1293–1310
Galuskina L, Galuskin E, Vapnik Y, Zeli'nki G, Prusik K (2020) Priscillagrewite-(Y)YCa2Zr2AL3O12. Daba marble quarry. Tulul Al Hammam area. Hatrurim Complex, Jordan. IMA no. 2020-002.
Geller Y, Burg A, Halicz L, Kolodny Y (2012) System closure and isochemistry during the mottled zone event. Israel, Chem Geol 334:102–115
Gross S (1977) The mineralogy of Hatrurim formation. Israel, Geological Survey of Israel Bull 70:80
Heimbach W (1965) Zum Vorkommen von Chromatit, CaCrO4, in Jordanien. Geol Jahrb 83:717–724 (in German)
Heimbach W, Rosch H (1980) Die mottled zone in central Jordanian. Geol Jb B 40:3–17
Hauff PL, Foord EE, Rosenblum S, Hakki W (1983) Hashemite, Ba(Cr, S)O4, a new mineral from Jordan. Am Mineral 68:1223–1225
Juroszek R, Krüger B, Galuskina I, Krüger H, Vapnik Y, Galuskin E (2020) Siwaqaite, Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12·26H2O, a new mineral of the ettringite group from the pyrometamorphic Daba-Siwaqa complex, Jordan. Am Mineral; 105 (3): 409–421. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7208
Kenkmann T, Reimold W, Kirifan M, Salameh E, Khoury H, Konsul,K.(2010) The complex impact crater Jebel Waqf as Suwwan in Jordan: effects of target heterogeneity and impact obliquity on central uplift formation. Geological Society of America Special Papers Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV 465: 471–488
Khoury HN (1993) Mineralogy and isotope composition of the bituminous limestone of Maqarin area. Jordan Dirasat 20B(2):63–78
Khoury H (2006) Industrial rocks and minerals in Jordan, second edn. Publications of the University of Jordan, Amman
Khoury HN (2012) Long-term analogue of carbonation in travertine from Uleimat quarries. Central Jordan Environmental and Earth Science 65:1909–1916
Khoury H (2014a) Importance of clay minerals in Jordan—case study: Volkonskoite as a sink for hazardous elements of a high pH plume. The Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences (JJEES). 6, (special Publication, 3), 1–10
Khoury HN (2014b) Geochemistry of surficial uranium deposits from Central Jordan. The Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences (JJEES) 6(special Publication, 3):11–22
Khoury HN (2015) Uranium minerals of Central Jordan (2015). Applied Earth Science (Trans Inst Min Metall B) 124(2):104–128
Khoury HN (2020) Geochemistry of rare earth elements (REE) and redox sensitive elements (RSE) of pyrometamorphic rocks, Central Jordan. Arab J Geosci 13:174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-5185-3
Khoury HN, Nassir S (1982a) High temperature mineralization in Maqarin area. Jordan N Jb Miner Abh 144:187–213
Khoury HN, Nassir S (1982b) A discussion on the origin of Daba marble. Dirasat 9:55–65
Khoury HN, Salameh E (1986) The origin of high temperature minerals from Suweileh area. Dirasat 13:261–269
Khoury HN, Abu-Jayab A (1995) A short note on the mineral volkonskoite. Dirasat, No 1:189–198
Khoury H, Al-Zoubi A (2014) Origin and characteristics of Cr-smectite from Suweileh area, Jordan. Appl Clay Sci 90:43–52
Khoury H, Mackenzie R, Russell J, Tait J (1984) An iron free volkonskoite. Clay Miner 19:43–57
Khoury HN, Salameh E, Clark I, Fritz P, Bajjali W, Milodowski A, Cave M, Alexander R (1992) A natural analogue of high pH cement pore waters from the Maqarin area of northern Jordan 1: introduction to the site. Jour Geoch Expl 46:117–132
Khoury HN, Salameh EM, Clark ID (2014a) Mineralogy and origin of surficial uranium deposits hosted in travertine and calcrete from central Jordan. Appl Geochem, 43, 49–65
Khoury HN, Sokol EV, Kokh SN, Seryotkin YV, Nigmatulina EN, Goryainov SV, Belogub EV, Clark ID (2014b) Tululite, IMA 2014-065. CNMNC newsletter no. 23. February 2015, page 53; Mineralogical Magazine 79(1):51–58
Khoury H, Sokol E, Clark ID (2015a) Calcium uranium oxides from Central Jordan: associations, chemistry, and alteration products. The Canadian Mineralogist, Can Mineral 53:61–82. https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1400071
Khoury HN, Sokol EV, Kokh SN, Seryotkin YV, Nigmatulina EN, Goryainov SV, Belogub EV, Clark ID (2015b) Tululite, IMA 2014-065. CNMNC newsletter no. 23, February 2015, page 53. Mineral Mag 79:51–58
Khoury H, Sokol E, Kokh S, Seryotkin Y, Kozmenko O, Goryainov S, Clark I (2016a) Intermediate members of the lime-Monteponite solid solutions (Ca1-xCdxO, x = 0.36-0.55): discovery in natural occurrence. American Mineralogist, Volume 101:146–161
Khoury H, Sokol E, Kokh S, Seryotkin Y, Nigmatulina E, Goryainov S, Belogub E, Clark I (2016b) Tululite,Ca14(Fe3+,Al)(Al,Zn,Fe3+,Si,P,Mn,Mg)15O36: a new Ca zincate-aluminate from combustion metamorphic marbles, central Jordan. Mineralogy and Petrology, Miner Petrol 110:125–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-015-0413-3
Khoury H, Kokh S, Sokol E, Likhacheva A, Seryotkin Y, Belogub E (2016c) Ba- and Sr-mineralization of fossil fish bones from metamorphosed Belqa group sediments, Central Jordan. Arab J Geosci 9:461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2503-x
Linklater CM (Ed) (1998) A natural analogue study of cement-buffered, hyperalkaline groundwaters and their interaction with a repository host rock. Phase II. Nirex Safety Assessment Research Programme. Report No.S/98/003. PP 301
Martin L, Leemann L, Milodowski A, Mader U, Münch B, Giroud N (2016) A natural cement analogue study to understand the long-term behaviour of cements in nuclear waste repositories: Maqarin (Jordan). Appl Geochem 71:20–34
Nassir S, Khoury HN (1982) Geology, mineralogy and petrology of Daba marble, Jordan. Dirasat 9(1):107–140
Pitty AF, Alexander R (eds) (2011) A natural analogue study of cement buffered, hyperalkaline groundwaters and their interaction with a repository host rock IV: an examination of the Khushaym Matruk (Central Jordan) and Maqarin (northern Jordan) sites. NDA-RWMD Technical Report, NDA, Moors Row, UK
Salameh E, Khoury H, Schneider W (2006) Jebel Wagf as Suwwan, Jordan: a possible impact crater—a first approach. Z dt Geowiss. 157/3, p. 319–325
Salameh E, Khoury H, Reimold W, Schneider W (2008) The first large meteorite impact structure discovered in the Middle East: Jebel Waqf as Suwwan, Jordan Meteorit Planet Sci. 43, Nr 10, 1681–1690
Smellie JAT (Ed) (1998) A natural analogue study of cement buffered, hyperalkaline groundwater and their interaction with a repository host rock. Phase III. SKB Technical Report. TR-98-04. PP401
Seryotkin Y, Sokol E, Kokh, S. et al. (2019) Natural bentorite—Cr3+ derivate of ettringite: determination of crystal structure Phys Chem Minerals https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-019-01022-4
Sokol E, Volkova NI (2007) Combustion metamorphic events resulting from natural coal fires. In geology of coal fires: case studies from around the world (G.B. Stracher, ed.). Geological Society ofAmerica Reviews in Engineering Geology 18:97–115
Sokol E, Novkov I, Zateeva S, Sharygin V, Vapnik YE (2008) Pyrometamorphic rocks of the spurrite-merwinite facies as indicators of hydrocarbons discharge zones (the Hatrurim formation, Israel). Dokl Earth Sci 420:608–614
Sokol EV, Volkova NI, Zateeva S, Vapnik YE, Shagam R, Kozmenko O (2010) Combustion metamorphism in the Nabi Musa dome: new implications for a mud volcanic origin of the mottled zone, Dead Sea area. Basin Res 22:414–438
Sokol EV, Kokh SN, Vapnik Y, Thiery V, Korzhova SA (2014) Natural analogues of belite sulfoaluminate cement clinkers from Negev desert, Israel. Am Mineral 99:1471–1487
Sokol E, Kokh S, Khoury,H, Seryotkin Y, Goryainov, S. (2016) Long-term immobilisation of Cd2+ at the Tulul Al Hammam natural analogue site, central Jordan. Appl Geochem 70, 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.05.002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.05.0020883-2927/© 2016
Sokol EV, Kokh SN, Khoury H.N, Seryotkin Yu, Goryainov SV, Novikov, SA, Sokol IA, (2017a) Natural analogue approaches to prediction of long-term behaviour of Ca2UO5∙2-3H2O ‘X-phase’: case study from Tulul Al Hammam site, Jordan. Arab J Geosci 10: 512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3305-5
Sokol E, Kozmenko O, Khoury H, Kokh S, Novikova S, Nefedov A, Sokol I, Zaikin, P. (2017b) Calcareous sediments of the Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation, Jordan, as a potential precursor of Mississippi Valley-type deposits mineralogical and geochemical evidence: Gondwana Res 46, 204–226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.03.008. 1342-937X/© 2017 International Association for Gondwana Research. Elsevier B.V
Stasiak M, Galuskin EV, Kusz J, Galuskina IO, Krzykawski T, Vapnik Y, Murashko M Dulski M (20160 Qatranaite, IMA 2016-024. CNMNC Newsletter No. 32, August 2016, page 918; Mineral Mag, 80, 915–922
Techer I, Khoury H, Salameh E, Rassineux F, Claude C, Clauer N, Pagel, M, Lancelot J, Hamelin B, Jacquot E (2006) Propagation of high-alkaline fluids in an argillaceous formation: case study of the Khushaym Matruk natural analogue (Central Jordan). Jour Of Geoch. Exploration, 90, 53–67
Wieseman G, Rosch H (1969) Das Apatite-vorkomen von Suweilih bei Amman (Nord Jordanien). Beit Geol Jahrb 81:177–214
Acknowledgments
Thanks are given to Professor Ella V. Sokol from Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia for reviewing the table of high and low temperature mineral phases. The manuscript benefited much from the valuable comments by Prof. Basem Zoheir, Associate Editor of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Basem Zoheir
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khoury, H.N. High- and low-temperature mineral phases from the pyrometamorphic rocks, Jordan. Arab J Geosci 13, 734 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05691-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05691-2