Elsevier

Seminars in Cancer Biology

Volume 83, August 2022, Pages 208-226
Seminars in Cancer Biology

Role of non-coding RNAs in the progression and resistance of cutaneous malignancies and autoimmune diseases

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.003Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access

Abstract

Skin, the largest organ of human body, is vital for the existence and survival of human beings. Further, developmental and physiological mechanisms associated with cutaneous biology are vital for homeostasis as their deregulations converge towards pathogenesis of a number of skin diseases, including cancer. It has now been well accepted that most of the transcribed human genome lacks protein translational potential and has been termed as non-coding RNAs (nc-RNAs), which includes circular RNA (circRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs). These nc-RNAs have gained great attention in both preclinical and clinical research as they are critical in most of the regulatory mechanisms of biological homeostasis and disease development by controlling the gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic level. In this review we have illustrated how nc-RNAs are critical in the development and maintenance of cutaneous homeostasis and functioning and also, most importantly, how the dysregulated expression and functioning of nc-RNAs play critical role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases including cancer and the autoimmune skin diseases. Considering the vital role of nc-RNAs in cancer resistance, metastasis and autoimmune diseases, we have also highlighted their role as promising prognostic and therapeutic targets for the cutaneous diseases.

Abbreviations

nc-RNAs
non-coding RNAs
cirRNA
Circular RNA
snRNA
small nuclear RNA
snoRNA
small nucleolar RNA
miRNA
micro RNA
lncRNA
long noncoding RNA
piRNA
piwi-interacting RNA
SSC
squamous cell carcinoma
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
tRNA
transfer RNA
rRNA
ribosomal RNA
mRNA
messenger RNA
primiRNA
primary miRNA
AGO
Argonaute
UTR
3′untranslated region
ORF
open reading frames
ecircRNAs
exon circular RNAs
ciRNAs
circular intronic RNAs
EIciRNAs
exon-intron circRNAs
f-circRNAs
fusion circular RNAs
RBPs
RNA-binding proteins
SHIP2
SH2-containing inositol phosphatase-2 (SHIP2), and also aberreviated as INPPL1 (inositol polyphosphate 5′-phosphatase-like protein-1)
MITF
microphthalmia transcription factor
Tyr
Tyrosinase
Hyal
Hyalurodinase
ANCR
Antidifferentiation noncoding RNA
TINCR
Terminal differentiation-induced noncoding RNA
ANRIL
Antisense non‐coding RNA in the INK4 locus
DNMT
DNA methyltransferase
HDFs
human dermal ibroblasts
HFSCs
human hair follicle stem cells
PICSAR
p38 inhibited cSCC associated lincRNA
SBHA
Suberic bishydroxamate
MALAT1
metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
UCA1
urothelial carcinoma-associated 1
ASncmtRNAs
antisense noncoding mitochondrial RNAs
CASC15
cancer susceptibility candidate 15
PRINS
psoriasis susceptibility–related RNA gene induced by stress
MSX2P1
Msh homeobox 2 pseudogene 1
PASI
Psoriasis Area and Severity Index
CASC15 lincRNA
Cancer susceptibility candidate 15 long intergenic noncoding RNA
CRNDE
Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed
DRAIC
Downregulated RNA In Cancer
GAS5
Growth arrest-specific 5
HOTAIR
HOX transcript antisense RNA
HOTTIP
HOXA transcript at the distal tip
HOXD-AS1
HOXD antisense 1
MEG3
maternally expressed 3
PVT1
Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1
SLNCR
SRA-like non-coding RNA
SNHG5
small nucleolar RNA host gene 5
UCA1
Urothelial Cancer Associated 1
TUG1
Taurine Up-Regulated 1
XIST
X-inactive specific transcript
lncRNA-NEAT1
lncRNA-Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1
lncRNA ZFAS1
ZNFX1 antisense RNA 1
LncRNA WAKMAR1
wound and keratinocyte migration-associated lncRNA 1
NK cells
natural killer cells

Keywords

Cutaneous malignancies
nc-RNAs
Cancer resistance and metastasis
Epigenetic changes
Autoimmune diseases

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