Abstract
The estimation of avoidable crop losses caused by Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) infesting chickpea was carried out at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during rabi seasons, 2016–17 and 2017–18 using insect density (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 larvae per meter row length), mechanical and chemical protection methods. Per cent avoidable losses were found to increase with increase in the larval infestation level. The highest and lowest avoidable crop loss of 73.50 and 17.5% was recorded in treatments with six and one larvae per meter row length, respectively. The correlation between the larval infestation level and the per cent pod damage was found to be significantly positive (r = 0.99). However, correlation between the larval infestation level and seed yield (kg ha−1) was significantly negative (r = −0.99). The per cent pod damage was 27.47 under unprotected plots as compared to 3.13 when protected; likewise, the mean numbers of pods per ten plants were 331.92 and 296.21 when the crop was chemically and mechanically protected, respectively as against 247.12 under unprotected conditions. Further, mean yield was 1841 and 1690 kg ha−1 under protected conditions in comparison to 1355 kg ha−1, when left unprotected. On the basis of yield, avoidable losses of 26.27 and 19.59% were recorded in chemical and mechanical protection treatment over the unprotected method, respectively. Hence, aim of the study was to first evaluate maximum avoidable yield losses at different larval densities and then to find the most effective method of protection that can help in avoiding crop losses which in turn will increase net returns of the farmers.
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Singla, A., Singh, R. Estimation of avoidable yield losses in chickpea caused by Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Phytoparasitica 48, 755–765 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-020-00833-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-020-00833-4