Review article
Suitable transformation of compounds present in biomass using heteropolycompounds as catalysts

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2020.100362Get rights and content

Highlights

  • •

    Heterogeneous catalysis by heteropolycompounds to obtain building blocks from biomass.

  • •

    Lignocellulosic upgrading feedstocks to obtain building-block molecules.

  • •

    Valorization of biomass building block through multicomponent reactions.

Heteropolycompounds, especially heteropolyacids, have received important attention as solid acid catalysts in recent decades. They have a strong Brønsted acidity and redox properties that make them important for the study of transformations of industrial and academic interest. To go toward suitable synthesis, heterogeneous catalysts are currently being developed, with especial focus on these materials. The design of catalysts for biomass conversion entails important challenges from the point of view of carbohydrate feedstock complexity and to develop environmentally friendly methods. This minireview aims to illustrate a number of very recent examples that show the significant potential of the heteropolycompounds in feedstock valorization and the transformation of some building blocks in multicomponent reactions.

Section snippets

Upgrading of lignocellulosic feedstocks to obtain building blocks

The literature reports several papers on the use of heteropolyacids and derivatives in the depolymerization process of cellulose and other biopolymers to obtain soluble sugars [12,34].

The most important transformation includes the production of glucose from cellulose [5,35,36], sucrose and starch [37], and glycogen [38]. Similar to the case of glucose in the family of hexoses, xylose is the most common pentose. Ogasawara et al. [39] reported the synthesis of xylose from xylan.

Numerous building

Building block biomass valorization through organic transformation

Particularly, the chemical transformation of a biomass-derived furanic platform is being intensively studied to generate sophisticated structures with new applications. The studies focus on finding robust materials to carry out environmentally friendly transformations with elevated atom economy and low E factor. Undoubtedly, the most studied building block substrate is furfural, but other building blocks such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, LA, and succinic acid (top 10 + 4 biomass-derived platform

Conclusion

Throughout this review, we have shown that materials based on heteropolycompounds are promising catalysts for the transformation of biomass into valuable chemical compounds. Because of their multifunctionality as acid–base and redox catalysts, they can be used as catalysts in a wide variety of catalytic biomass transformations. Two transformation types were analyzed: (1) the upgrading of lignocellulosic feedstocks to obtain building blocks, and (2) the building block from biomass valorization

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

We thank Universidad Nacional de La Plata (PICT 2017-2174), CONICET (PIP 0084), and ERANET-LAC-1 for the financial support. V.P., A.G.S., and G.P.R. are CONICET members.

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