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Iron-based superconductors: tales from the nuclei

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La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento Aims and scope

Abstract

High-temperature superconductivity in Fe-based pnictides and chalcogenides has been one of the most significant recent discoveries in condensed matter physics and has attracted remarkable attention in the last decade. These materials are characterized by a complex fermiology and, as a result, feature a wide range of electronic properties as a function of different tuning parameters such as chemical doping, temperature and pressure. Along the path towards the comprehension of the physical mechanisms underlying this rich phenomenology, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) have played a role of capital importance that we review in this work. In particular, we address how NMR has contributed to the current understanding of the main regions of the electronic phase diagram of Fe-based pnictides, that is, the—sometimes coexisting—antiferromagnetic spin-density wave and superconducting states. We evidence the unique capability of NMR as local-probe technique of investigating the effect of quenched disorder and chemical impurities. Then, we review the NMR signatures of low-frequency fluctuations associated with the development of electronic nematicity as well as with the motion of superconducting flux lines. Finally, we discuss recent contributions of NMR and NQR which evidence an intrinsically inhomogeneous electronic charge distribution as well as an orbitally-selective behaviour.

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Fig. 1
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Images adapted from [33]

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The data for \(\hbox {Ca(Fe}_{1-x}\hbox {Co}_{x}\mathrm{)}_{2}\hbox {As}_{2}\) (\(x = 0.028\)) are taken from [53]

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{Reprinted figure with permission from [95] (http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.140509). Copyright (2008) by the American Physical Society.}

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Acknowledgements

Many of the results presented in this manuscript originate from the collaboration with different colleagues who have deeply collaborated with us in Pavia, in particular Pietro Bonfà, Lucia Bossoni, Franziska Hammerath, Matteo Moroni and Samuele Sanna, as well as from the collaboration with colleagues of the broadband NMR community, Giuseppe Allodi, Bernd Büchner, Roberto De Renzi, Hajo Grafe, Bill Halperin, Mladen Horvatić, Marc-Henri Julien, from the interaction with theorists as Brian Andersen, Massimo Capone, Laura Fanfarillo and Maria Gastiasoro, and with colleagues who provided high quality samples as Sai Aswartham, Paul Canfield, Laura Gozzelino, Yoshiaki Kobayashi, Alberto Martinelli, Andrea Palenzona, Masatoshi Sato, Makariy Tanatar and Sabine Wurmehl. We are very grateful to all of them. Part of the results presented in this work were obtained thanks to the support of MIUR-PRIN2015 Project No. 2015C5SEJJ.

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    Pietro Carretta & Giacomo Prando

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Carretta, P., Prando, G. Iron-based superconductors: tales from the nuclei. Riv. Nuovo Cim. 43, 1–43 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40766-019-0001-1

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