Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Noise Sources and Spectral Characteristics of the Tip-Jet Driven Rotor

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The noise sources of the tip-jet driven rotor are mainly classified as rotor blade noise and jet noise. The rotor blade noise includes thickness noise, loading noise, and nonlinear quadrupole noise, while the jet noise includes nozzle momentum noise and jet radiation noise. Each noise component has different noise source mechanisms related to flow characteristics and the rotating motion. Especially, the nozzle momentum noise has two noise source mechanisms based on the rotating steady aerodynamic load and the nozzle mass flow rate. The details of the time signal and spectrum are discussed to study the unique spectral characteristics. The tip-jet driven rotor noise has both tonal and broadband spectral characteristics. The periodicity of each instance of jet radiation noise is discussed, while the total jet radiation noise also has a tonal noise component. The noise source mechanisms and spectral characteristics are important considerations for an acoustically efficient tip-jet driven rotor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

M :

Mach number vector with components Mi

\(\hat{n}\) :

Unit outward normal vector to source surface with components \(\hat{n}_{i}\)

\(\hat{r}\) :

Unit vector in the radiation direction

u i :

Components of local velocity of the fluid

v i :

Components of local velocity of the source surface

P ij :

Compressive stress tensor with constant p0δij subtracted

L :

Loading noise component

M :

Inner product by Mach number vector M

n :

Inner product by a unit normal vector \(\hat{n}\)

r :

Inner product by a unit vector \(\hat{r}\)

ret:

Term evaluated at the retarded time

T :

Thickness noise component

\(\cdot\) :

Derivative with respect to time

References

  1. Leishman JG (2006) Principles of helicopter aerodynamics, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 692–722

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mitchell C, Vogel B (2003 The canard rotor wing (CRW) aircraft-a new way to fly. In: AIAA international air and space symposium and exposition: the next 100 years, AIAA paper 2003–2517, July 2003

  3. Davidson IM, Harcest TJ (1965) Helicopter noise. Aeronaut J 69(653):325–336. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0001924000059583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Walsh GD (2016) A preliminary acoustic investigation of a coaxial helicopter in high-speed flight. Master Thesis, Aerospace Engineering Dept., The Pennsylvania State Univ., Philadelphia

  5. Ko J, Lee S (2018) Wake optimized CFD method for wake structure and noise analysis of the coaxial rotor. In: 7th Asian/Australian rotorcraft forum, Jeju Island, Korea, 30 Oct–1 Nov 2018

  6. Park M, Jang J, Lee D (2017) Noise prediction of ducted fan unmanned aerial vehicles considering strut effect in hover. Int J Aeronaut Space Sci 18(1):144–153. https://doi.org/10.5139/IJASS.2017.18.1.144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Moodie AM, Schrage DP, Sankar LN, Waters MH (2009) Sizing and performance-prediction method for rotary-wing ejector nozzles. J Aircr 46(3):951–961. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.39423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Crossley WA, Rutherford JW (1995) Sizing methodology for reaction-driven, stopped-rotor vertical takeoff and landing concepts. J Aircr 32(6):1367–1374. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46887

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen J, Li L, Huang G, Xiang X (2018) Numerical investigations of ducted fan aerodynamic performance with tip-jet. Aerosp Sci Technol 78:510–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.05.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Brentner KS, Morris JP, Lopes LV (2014) A method for predicting the noise of a tip-jet driven rotor. J Am Helicopter Soc 59(3):1–10. https://doi.org/10.4050/JAHS.59.032004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Brentner KS, Farassat F (1994) Helicopter noise prediction: the current status and future direction. J Sound Vib 170(1):79–96. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1994.1047

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Tam CKW (1995) Supersonic jet noise. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 27(1):17–43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.27.010195.000313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kim S, Lee S, Kim K (2008) Wavenumber extended high order oscillation control finite volume schemes for multi-dimensional aeroacoustic computations. J Comput Phys 227(8):4089–4122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2007.12.013

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Choi W, Lee S, Jung J, Lee S (2008) New far-field boundary and initial conditions for computation of rotors in vertical flight using vortex tube model. J Am Helicopter Soc 53(4):382–397. https://doi.org/10.4050/JAHS.53.382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lighthill MJ (1952) On sound generated aerodynamically I. General theory. Proc R Soc Lond A 211(1107):564–587. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1952.0060

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Brentner KS, Farassat F (1998) Analytical comparison of the acoustic analogy and Kirchhoff formulation for moving surfaces. AIAA J 36(8):1379–1386. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Purcell T (1989) A prediction of high-speed rotor noise. In: AIAA 12th aeroacoustics conference, AIAA paper 1989–1132, Apr 1989

  18. SAE International (2013) Gas turbine jet exhaust prediction. In: SAEARP876, Revision F, SAE International, Warrendale

  19. Holford JF (1960) Some notes on the noise from the Fairey Rotodyne. AEC21, 671 N.115, British ARC

  20. Hubbard HH (1991) Aeroacoustics of flight vehicles: theory and practice. Volume 1. In: Noise sources, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, pp 65–149

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was conducted at High-Speed Compound Unmanned Rotorcraft (HCUR) research laboratory with the support of Agency for Defense Development (ADD). Also, this work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20194030202300).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Jeongwoo Ko, Jonghui Kim & Vignesh Saravanan

  2. Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Soogab Lee

Authors
  1. Jeongwoo Ko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jonghui Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vignesh Saravanan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Soogab Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soogab Lee.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ko, J., Kim, J., Saravanan, V. et al. Noise Sources and Spectral Characteristics of the Tip-Jet Driven Rotor. Int. J. Aeronaut. Space Sci. 22, 33–41 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-020-00296-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-020-00296-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation