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Introduction to the Regional Coupled Model WRF4-LICOM: Performance and Model Intercomparison over the Western North Pacific

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Abstract

Regional coupled modeling is one of the frontiers of regional climate modeling, but intercomparison has not been well coordinated. In this study, a community regional climate model, WRF4, with a resolution of 15 km, was coupled with a high-resolution (0.1°) North Pacific Ocean model (LICOM_np). The performance of the regional coupled model, WRF4_LICOM, was compared to that of another regional coupled model, RegCM4_LICOM, which was a coupling of version 4 of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM4) with LICOM_np. The analysis focused on the 2005 western North Pacific summer monsoon rainfall. The results showed that the regional coupled models with either RegCM4 or WRF4 as their atmospheric model component simulated the broad features over the WNP reasonably well. Quantitative intercomparison of the regional coupled simulations exhibited different biases for different climate variables. RegCM4_LICOM exhibited smaller biases in its simulation of the averaged June–July–August SST and rainfall, while WRF4_LICOM better captured the tropical cyclone (TC) intensity, the percentage contributions of rainfall induced by TCs to the total rainfall, and the diurnal cycle of rainfall and stratiform percentages, especially over land areas. The different behaviors in rainfall simulated by the two models were partly ascribed to the behaviors in the simulated western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). The stronger (weaker) WNPSH in WRF4_LICOM (RegCM4_LICOM) was driven by overestimated (underestimated) diabatic heating, which peaked at approximately 450 hPa over the region around the Philippines in association with different condensation-radiation processes. Coupling of WRF4 with LIOCM is a crucial step towards the development of the next generation of regional earth system models at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

摘要

区域耦合模拟是区域气候模拟的前沿方向之一, 但区域耦合模式的模拟比较尚未得到很好的协调. 本研究首先利用耦合器OASIS, 将通用区域气候模式WRF4 (水平分辨率为15km) 与高分辨率 (0.1°) 的北太平洋海洋模式 (LICOM_np)耦合, 发展了一个新的区域海气耦合模式WRF4_LIOCM. 针对 2005 年西北太平洋夏季降水, 我们对比了WRF4_LIOCM与另一个区域耦合模式RegCM4_LICOM的模拟性能. 两个区域耦合模式的分辨率、 对流参数化方案、 试验设计都是一致的. 对比结果显示, 不同区域大气模式耦合LICOM后, 对2005年东亚-西北太平洋区域气候均具有较好的模拟性能. 定量比较显示两个模式在不同变量上表现出不同的模拟差异. 从统计指标上看, RegCM4_LICOM对平均气候的模拟性能 (平均环流、 模拟海温等变量) 较好, 而WRF4_LICOM对极端气候 (强降水、 台风及其影响) 的模拟性能更优. 深入分析表明, 不同区域海气耦合模式的模拟差异与模式模拟的副热带高压差异有关. WRF4_LICOM (RegCM4_LICOM) 高估 (低估) 了菲律宾海附近的非绝热加热, 导致其模拟的西北太平洋副高偏强 (弱). 两个模式对菲律宾海附近非绝热加热的模拟差异则与不同的云-辐射-对流相互作用过程有关.

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Acknowledgements

The comments from the reviewers, which significantly improved the manuscript, are greatly appreciated. All the observational datasets used in this study are listed in the references, and the model results used have been archived in figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9917459.v1). This work was jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFA0606003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41875132 and 41575105), and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100029, China

    Liwei Zou, Tianjun Zhou & Hailong Liu

  2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Liwei Zou & Tianjun Zhou

  3. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Jianping Tang

  4. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Tianjun Zhou & Hailong Liu

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Article Highlights

• A regional climate model coupled with a high-resolution (0.1°) North Pacific Ocean model was assessed and intercompared over the western North Pacific.

• A quantitative model intercomparison of the simulated rainfall showed that the two models performed reasonably well, but differences existed.

• The differences in simulated rainfall were associated with the simulated subtropical high associated with diabatic heating around the Philippines.

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Zou, L., Zhou, T., Tang, J. et al. Introduction to the Regional Coupled Model WRF4-LICOM: Performance and Model Intercomparison over the Western North Pacific. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 37, 800–816 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9268-6

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