Skip to main content
Log in

Significant Improvement in Extrudability of Mg–9Al–0.8Zn–0.9Ca–0.6Y Alloy Through Mischmetal Addition

  • Published:
Metals and Materials International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The combined addition of small amounts of Ca and Y to Mg–Al–Zn alloys has recently been found to greatly improve the ignition resistance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties of these alloys. However, Mg–Al–Zn–Ca–Y alloys with high Al content show poor extrudability, which is an obstacle to their use as extruded components in industrial applications. This study aims to improve the extrudability of a Mg–Al–Zn–Ca–Y alloy through the addition of a small amount of mischmetal (MM). To this end, a trace amount (0.5 wt%) of Ce-rich MM is added to a Mg–9Al–0.8Zn–0.9Ca–0.6Y (AZXW9110) alloy. MM addition leads to significant grain refinement of the homogenized billet, from 326 to 180 μm. When the MM-added alloy is extruded into a sheet at 350 °C with an extrusion ratio of 22.9, the maximum ram speed at which it is extrudable without the occurrence of hot cracking is 12 mm/s, substantially higher than the 2 mm/s possible without MM addition. The Ce and La atoms decomposed from the MM are dissolved in the Mg17Al12, Al8Mn4Y, Al2Ca, and Al2Y phases, apparently leading to an increase in the thermal stability of the phases and, consequently, to an improvement in the AZXW9110 alloy’s extrudability. At ram speeds above 2 mm/s, many small-sized cracks form at the edges of the extruded AZXW9110–0.5MM sheets. As the ram speed increases up to 6 mm/s, the number density of edge cracks gradually increases while their average spacing decreases, but beyond 6 mm/s both remain almost unchanged.

Graphic Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B.L. Mordike, T. Ebert, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 302, 37 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. J.P. Weiler, J. Magnes, Alloys 7, 297 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. C. Bettles, M. Barnett, Advances in Wrought Magnesium Alloys: Fundamentals of Processing, Properties and Applications, 1st edn. (Woodhead Publishing, Philadelphia, 2012)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. J.S. Suh, B.C. Suh, J.O. Choi, Y.M. Kim, B.S. You, Met. Mater. Int. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00642-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Dutkiewicz, D. Kalita, W. Maziarz, T. Tański, W. Borek, P. Ostachowski, M. Faryna, Met. Mater. Int. 26, 1004 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S.J. Meng, H. Yu, S.D. Fan, Q.Z. Li, S.H. Park, J.S. Suh, Y.M. Kim, X.L. Nan, M.Z. Bian, F.X. Yin, W.M. Zhao, B.S. You, K.S. Shin, Acta Metall. Sin. 32, 145 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. M.A. Salevati, A. Imam, R. Seifi, F. Akbaripanah, Met. Mater. Int. 22, 283 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  8. S.K. Woo, C. Blawert, K.A. Yasakau, S. Yi, N. Scharnagl, B.C. Suh, Y.M. Kim, B.S. You, C.D. Yim, Corros. Sci. 166, 108451 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Go, S.M. Jo, S.H. Park, H.S. Kim, B.S. You, Y.M. Kim, J. Alloys Compd. 739, 69 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. S.H. Kim, S.W. Bae, S.W. Lee, B.G. Moon, H.S. Kim, Y.M. Kim, J. Yoon, S.H. Park, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 725, 309 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S.H. Kim, J.U. Lee, Y.J. Kim, B.G. Moon, B.S. You, H.S. Kim, S.H. Park, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 703, 1 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. H. Yu, Y.M. Kim, B.S. You, H.S. Yu, S.H. Park, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 559, 798 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Wang, N. Shi, L. Wang, Z. Cao, L. Wang, J. Li, J. Rare Earths 28, 794 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. H.M. Liao, S.Y. Long, C.B. Guo, Z.B. Zhu, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 18, 44 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Z. Yang, J. Li, G. Li, J. Yang, Mater. Sci. Forum 488–489, 219 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. G.E. Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy (McGraw-Hill Book Company, London, 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  17. S.H. Park, H.S. Kim, B.S. You, Met. Mater. Int. 20, 291 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S.H. Kim, S.W. Lee, B.G. Moon, H.S. Kim, S.H. Park, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 46, 225 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. F.J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena, 2nd edn. (Elsevier, Oxford, 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  20. S.H. Park, J.H. Bae, S.H. Kim, J. Yoon, B.S. You, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 46A, 5482 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Go, J.U. Lee, B.G. Moon, J. Yoon, S.H. Park, Met. Mater. Int. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-019-00591-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. S.H. Park, B.S. You, R.K. Mishra, A.K. Sachdev, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 598, 396 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. H. Yu, S.H. Park, B.S. You, Y.M. Kim, H.S. Yu, S.S. Park, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 583, 25 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S.H. Park, S.H. Kim, H.S. Kim, J. Yoon, B.S. You, J. Alloys Compd. 667, 170 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. T. Lee, M. Yamasaki, Y. Kawamura, J. Go, S.H. Park, Met. Mater. Int. 25, 372 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. B. Bian, P. Zhou, S. Wen, Y. Du, Calphad 61, 85 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Y.J. Kim, S.W. Bae, N.S. Lim, S.H. Park, Met. Mater. Int. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00743-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. S.M. Baek, J.S. Kang, H.J. Shin, C.D. Yim, B.S. You, H.Y. Ha, S.S. Park, Corros. Sci. 118, 227 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. X. Lu, G. Zhao, J. Zhou, C. Zhang, L. Sun, Vacuum 157, 180 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. S.H. Park, S.H. Kim, H.S. Kim, B.S. You, J. Alloys Compd. 648, 615 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP, South Korea; No. 2019R1A2C1085272) and by the R&D Center for Valuable Recycling (Global-Top R&BD Program) of the Ministry of Environment of Korea (No. 2016002220003).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sung Hyuk Park.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, H.J., Kim, SH., Lee, S.W. et al. Significant Improvement in Extrudability of Mg–9Al–0.8Zn–0.9Ca–0.6Y Alloy Through Mischmetal Addition. Met. Mater. Int. 27, 514–521 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00822-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00822-6

Keywords

Navigation