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CHI3L2 Expression Levels Are Correlated with AIF1, PECAM1, and CALB1 in the Brains of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents one of the main forms of dementia that afflicts our society. The expression of several genes has been associated with disease development. Despite this, the number of genes known to be capable of discriminating between AD patients according to sex remains deficient. In our study, we performed a transcriptomes meta-analysis on a large court of brains of healthy control subjects (n = 2139) (NDHC) and brains of AD patients (n = 1170). Our aim was to verify the brain expression levels of CHI3L2 and its correlation with genes associated with microglia-mediated neuroinflammation (IBA1), alteration of the blood–brain barrier (PECAM1), and neuronal damage (CALB1). We showed that the CHI3L2, IBA1, PECAM1, and CALB1 expression levels were modulated in the brains of patients with AD compared to NDHC subjects. Furthermore, both in NDHC and in AD patient’s brains, the CHI3L2 expression levels were directly correlated with IBA1 and PECAM1 and inversely with CALB1. Additionally, the expression levels of CHI3L2, PECAM1, and CALB1 but not of IBA1 were sex-depended. By stratifying the samples according to age and sex, correlation differences emerged between the expression levels of CHI3L2, IBA1, PECAM1, and CALB1 and the age of NDHC subjects and AD patients. CHI3L2 represents a promising gene potentially involved in the key processes underlying Alzheimer’s disease. Its expression in the brains of sex-conditioned AD patients opens up new possible sex therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling imbalance in disease progression.

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Abbreviations

MD:

microarray datasets

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

PD:

Parkinson disease

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

MeV:

MultiExperiment Viewer

FDR:

False discovery rate

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CNS:

Central nervous system

AIF1:

Allograft inflammatory factor-1

IBA1:

Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1

PECAM-1:

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule

CD31:

Cluster of differentiation 31

CALB1:

Calbindin 1

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

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Acknowledgements

We would like to show our gratitude to the authors of microarray datasets made available online, for consultation and re-analysis. In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to Mr. Asero, the technician of our laboratories, for his great willingness shown over the years and the patience that has distinguished him among our Department staff.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Strada Statale 113, C.da Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy

    Cristina Sanfilippo

  2. Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Paola Castrogiovanni, Rosa Imbesi & Michelino Di Rosa

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  1. Cristina Sanfilippo
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  3. Rosa Imbesi
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  4. Michelino Di Rosa
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Correspondence to Michelino Di Rosa.

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Sanfilippo, C., Castrogiovanni, P., Imbesi, R. et al. CHI3L2 Expression Levels Are Correlated with AIF1, PECAM1, and CALB1 in the Brains of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients. J Mol Neurosci 70, 1598–1610 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-020-01667-9

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