Abstract
Pseudococcus maritimus status as an economic pest increased substantially after it was identified as a key vector of most grape vine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). Of these viruses, GLRaV-3 is the most economically destructive. Current control recommendations for slowing the spread of GLRaVs include one to two applications of insecticides to reduce vector populations. Systemic insecticides require the insect to feed before death or paralysis occurs. It was unknown if systemic insecticides could paralyze or kill P. maritimus quickly enough to reduce their ability to vector GLRaVs. Hence, we tested imidacloprid, spirotetramat, and flupyradifurone to see if these insecticides would have any effect on P. maritimus’ efficiency to vector GLRaV-3 on treated grapevines. We conclude that these systemic insecticides do not convey any additional protection to grapevines. However, these insecticides are still useful for reducing vector populations and indirectly reduce the potential spread of GLRaVs among vines in vineyards.
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Acknowledgements
Funding for these studies was provided by the Washington Wine Commission and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration. We also thank Inland Desert Nursery Inc. for the generous donation of certified virus-free plants.
Funding
This study was funded by the Washington State Grape and Wine Research Program (Grant Number 13C 3343-5535).
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DW and JO conceived and designed the research. JO conducted the experiment, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. DW edited and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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O’Hearn, J.S., Walsh, D.B. Effectiveness of imidacloprid, spirotetramat, and flupyradifurone to prevent spread of GLRaV-3 by grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). J Plant Dis Prot 127, 805–809 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00359-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00359-1