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Growth, Biomass Production, and Yield Potential of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as Affected by Planting Techniques Under Irrigated Conditions

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Abstract

Quinoa is gaining importance globally owing to its nutritional quality and its adaptability under variety of conditions. However, limited information is available on the impact of planting techniques on growth, morphology, and yield and biomass accumulation under irrigation conditions. To the date, no ideal planting technique (sowing method) has been reported for the flat irrigated land for better adjustment of quinoa in a crop rotation. To test the hypothesis, a two-year field study (2013–14 and 2014–15) was carried out at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The experiment comprised of four planting technique bed sowing (BS), ridge sowing (RS), flat line sowing (FLS), and sowing in standing water (SSW) in main plots, and two quinoa accession (A7 and A9) in subplots. The results showed that BS method improved the morphological attributes viz. stem thickness, main panicle, main panicle, thousand grain weight, grain yield, and harvest index as compared to SSW. Regarding the quinoa accessions, A9 performed better than A7 for morphology, biomass, and yield. Panicle number per plant was positively correlated with harvest index and main panicle weight in 2013–14, while 1000-grain weight and harvest index had a stronger correlation during 2014–15. The average and maximum biomass production rate of A7 in BS plants were relatively higher than other sowing techniques either for A9 or A7. Our data suggest that the BS method is a relatively better planting technique and A9 quinoa accession is a suitable genotype to obtain a high targeted grain yield under irrigated conditions.

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Acknowledgements

We are highly thankful to a native English speaker from USA, Mr. Jerried (College of fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China) for language editing of the paper. We also appreciates Mr. Mustansar Mubeen (College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China) for technical support regarding data analysis and language polishing of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Saif Ali, Muhammad Umer Chattha, Muhammad Umair Hassan & Imran Khan

  2. MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China

    Saif Ali & Muzammal Rehman

  3. Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology MOA, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Saif Ali & Babar Iqbal

  4. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Bilal Chattha

  5. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Nawaz

  6. Department of Agricultural Extension Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zubair Amin

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  1. Saif Ali
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  2. Muhammad Umer Chattha
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Correspondence to Muhammad Umer Chattha.

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Ali, S., Chattha, M.U., Hassan, M.U. et al. Growth, Biomass Production, and Yield Potential of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as Affected by Planting Techniques Under Irrigated Conditions. Int. J. Plant Prod. 14, 427–441 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42106-020-00094-5

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