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Roasted date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera) as an alternative coffee: chemical composition and bioactive properties

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Abstract

Less used date palm fruits, as Bouhattam variety, are being converted into coffee through a roasting thermal process. Therefore, laboratory assays were conducted to investigate chemical and cytotoxic proprieties of this commercial coffee. Mineral content determination showed that roasted seeds of Bouhattam were a source of K+ and Ca2+. Date seed powder was fractionated successively using organic solvents of increasing polarity (cyclohexane, CYHA; dichloromethane, DCM; and methanol, MeOH). While the best yield was recorded for CYHA fraction, the MeOH extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity associated with highest total polyphenol content (TPC) (56.7 mg eq GAE/g dry wt). LC-MS analysis revealed that two major phenolic compounds were identified in methanolic extract: protocatechic acid (67.6 mg/100 g dry wt), which is generally found in tea and quinic acid (39.5 mg/100 g dry wt), known as the main compound of coffee beans. Vitamin E was identified only in the MeOH extract and vitamin K1 was identified in DCM and CYHA ones. GC-MS data showed that the roasted date seed coffee was decaffeinated, and the most volatile compounds were identified as fatty acids in the CYHA extract. All tested organic extracts against MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines displayed lower cytotoxicity. Taken together, obtained results argued that roasted seed powder of Bouhattam variety is an excellent decaffeinated beverage enriched with polyphenols and vitamins concomitant with high antioxidant potential and lower cytotoxicity.

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Abbreviations

ACN:

Acetonitrile

CYHA:

Cyclohexane

DCM:

Dichloromethane

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DPPH:

1-1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl

dry wt:

Dry weight

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

HCT-116:

Human colon cancer

LC-MS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

mAU:

Milli absorbance unit

MeOH:

Methanol

MCF-7:

Human breast cancer

NIST:

National Institute of Standards and Technology

RPMI:

Roswell Park Memorial Institute

TPC:

Total phenolic content

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Acknowledgments

We thank the central laboratory of Arid Land Institute of Médenine for their technical assistance.

Funding

This work has been supported financially by the Tunisian Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, which provided a Master scholarship to the student Souda Belaid.

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Author notes

  1. Belaid Souda and Rahmani Rami contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unité de recherche UR14ES25 « Valorisation des Biomolécules Actives », Institut Supérieur de Biologie Appliquée de Médenine, Université de Gabès, Route El Jorf – Km 22.5, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia

    Belaid Souda, Rahmani Rami & Debouba Mohamed

  2. Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France

    Bouajila Jalloul

Authors
  1. Belaid Souda
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  2. Rahmani Rami
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Contributions

Experiments and the manuscript writing were done by Belaid Souda, under the direction of co-authors. Debouba Mohamed and Bouajila Jalloul validated the experiments and proofread and refined the manuscript to be ready for publication. Rahmani Rami performed the GC-MS and statistical analysis.

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Correspondence to Bouajila Jalloul or Debouba Mohamed.

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Souda, B., Rami, R., Jalloul, B. et al. Roasted date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera) as an alternative coffee: chemical composition and bioactive properties. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 3771–3781 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00896-7

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