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Geographical distribution, genetic studies and vector transmission of alfalfa enamovirus-1 infecting alfalfa crop in Argentina

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Abstract

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growing areas of Argentina were surveyed between 2010 and 2018 to determine the geographical distribution and analyse the genetic diversity among alfalfa enamovirus-1 (AEV-1) isolates. The virus was detected in all 17 surveyed alfalfa-producing provinces, with a prevalence of 64%. The plant virus AEV-1 is widely distributed in the country, and its transmission vector has been unknown until now. Here we show that the black aphid Aphis craccivora can transmit AEV-1. The CP sequence identity among 16 AEV-1 isolates from Argentina was from 98 to 100% and from 98.9 to 100% at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, indicating a low level of sequence variation among these isolates. The phylogenetic analysis based on the complete nucleotide sequence of the CP gene indicated that AEV-1 isolates are closely related and clustered in a monophyletic group. These results suggest that AEV-1 has spread very recently in Argentina. In the present study, we report the geographical distribution of AEV-1 in the main alfalfa-growing areas of Argentina and, for the first time, identify an insect vector and describe the CP gene diversity of an enamovirus worldwide.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Valeria Arolfo (EEA Manfredi-INTA, Argentina) for providing the alfalfa seeds, Mónica Cornacchione (EEA Santiago del Estero-INTA, Argentina) for sending alfalfa samples and Florencia Moreno (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA, Argentina) for technical assistance.

Funding

This work was partially supported by INTA.

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Authors

Contributions

VT designed and performed experiments, analysed the results and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. DCM, SL and FG have contributed to the design of the study, data collection, analysis of results, reviewing and editing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fabian Giolitti.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This research does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Edited by Seung-Kook Choi.

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Trucco, V., Cabrera Mederos, D., Lenardon, S. et al. Geographical distribution, genetic studies and vector transmission of alfalfa enamovirus-1 infecting alfalfa crop in Argentina. Virus Genes 56, 662–667 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-020-01783-z

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