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The arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelium from barley differentially influences various defense parameters in the non-host sugar beet under co-cultivation

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Abstract

The interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and non-host species are poorly studied. Particularly scarce is information on members of the Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae family. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plants were co-cultivated with a host species (Hordeum vulgare) in the presence (+AMF) or absence of Rhizophagus intraradices to explore the hypothesis that the presence of an active, pre-established AMF mycelium induces defense responses in the non-host species. Biomass of sugar beet did not respond to the +AMF treatment, while its root exudation of organic acids and phenolic acids was drastically decreased upon co-cultivation with +AMF barley. The most conspicuous effect was observed on a wide range of potential defense parameters being differentially influenced by the +AMF treatment in this non-host species. Antioxidant defense enzymes were activated and the level of endogenous jasmonic acid was elevated accompanied by nitric oxide accumulation and lignin deposition in the roots after long-term +AMF treatment. In contrast, significant reductions in the levels of endogenous salicylic acid and tissue concentration and exudation of phenolic acids indicated that AM fungus hyphae in the substrate did not induce a hypersensitive-type response in the sugar beet roots and downregulated certain chemical defenses. Our results imply that the fitness of this non-host species is not reduced when grown in the presence of an AMF mycelium because of balanced defense costs. Further studies should address the question of whether or not such modulation of defense pattern influences the pest resistance of sugar beet plants under field conditions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Dr. Günter Neumann (Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Germany) for providing analytical facilities for organic and phenolic acids and Dr. Frank Walker (Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Germany) for SA and JA analysis facilities.

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This work was financially supported by the University of Tabriz. CP is supported by the Spanish MICINN project PID2019-104000RB-100.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran

    Roghieh Hajiboland & Noushin Sadeghzadeh

  2. Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

    Narges Moradtalab

  3. Department of Soil Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Nasser Aliasgharzad

  4. Core Facility Hohenheim, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

    Karsten Schweikert

  5. Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Charlotte Poschenrieder

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  1. Roghieh Hajiboland
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  4. Nasser Aliasgharzad
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RH conceived and designed the experiments, analyzed and interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript in consultation with NA and CP; NS cultivated plants and performed physiological plant analyses; NM analyzed organic acids, phenolics, SA, and JA; KS performed statistical analyses; CP and NA critically revised the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Roghieh Hajiboland.

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Hajiboland, R., Sadeghzadeh, N., Moradtalab, N. et al. The arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelium from barley differentially influences various defense parameters in the non-host sugar beet under co-cultivation. Mycorrhiza 30, 647–661 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-00978-4

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