Abstract
Biotechnological strategies are needed to produce larger quantities of biomass and phytochemicals. In this study, callus cultures of Fagonia indica were elicited with different concentrations of chemically and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (chem- and bioAgNPs) to compare their effects on biomass, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of the extracts from callus. The results revealed that bioAgNPs being more biocompatible produced the highest biomass initially on day 10 (FW = 4.2152 ± 0.13 g; DW = 0.18527 ± 0.01 g) and day 20 (FW = 7.6558 ± 0.10 g; DW = 0.3489 ± 0.01 g) when supplemented in media as 62.5 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL, respectively. Initially, the highest TPC (319.32 ± 8.28 µg GAE/g of DW) was recorded on day 20 in chemAgNPs (31.25 µg/mL) induced callus as compared to TPC = 302.85 ± 3.002 µg GAE/g of DW in bioAgNPs-induced callus. Compared to the highest values of TFC (108.15 ± 2.10 µg QE/g of DW) produced in 15.6 µg/mL chemAgNPs-induced callus on day 20, TFC produced in bioAgNPs (62.5 µg/mL) was 168.61 ± 3.17 µg GAE/g of DW on day 10. Similarly, chemAgNPs-induced callus (62.5 µg/mL) showed the highest free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) i.e. 87.18% on day 20 while bioAgNPs (125 µg/mL) showed 81.69% FRSA on day 20 compared to highest among control callus (63.98% on day 40). The highest total antioxidant capacity of chemAgNPs-(125 µg/mL) induced callus was 330.42 ± 13.65 µg AAE/g of DW on day 20 compared to bioAgNPs-(62.5 µg/mL) induced callus (312.96 ± 1.73 µg AAE/g of DW) on day 10. Conclusively, bioAgNPs are potent elicitors of callus cultures of F. indica.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adil M, Khan T, Aasim M, Khan AA, Ashraf M (2019) Evaluation of the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized through the interaction of antibiotic and aqueous callus extract of Fagonia indica. AMB Express 9:75
Ali A, Mohammad S, Khan MA, Raja NI, Arif M, Kamil A, Z-U-R Mashwani (2019) Silver nanoparticles elicited in vitro callus cultures for accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites in Caralluma tuberculata. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 47:715–724. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1577884
Al-Oubaidi HKM, Mohammed-Ameen AS (2014) The effect of (AgNO3) NPs on increasing of secondary metabolites of Calendula officinalis L. in vitro. Int J Pharm Pract 5:267–272
Chung I-M, Rajakumar G, Thiruvengadam M (2018) Effect of silver nanoparticles on phenolic compounds production and biological activities in hairy root cultures of Cucumis anguria. Acta Biol Hung 69:97–109. https://doi.org/10.1556/018.68.2018.1.8
Ejaz M, Raja NI, Ahmad MS, Hussain M, Iqbal M (2018) Effect of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on growth of rice under biotic stress. IET Nanobiotechnol 12:927–932
Eman AA, Gehan HA, Yassin M, Mohamed S (2010) Chemical composition and antibacterial activity studies on callus of Fagonia arabica L. Academia Arena 2:91–106
Guo B, Abbasi BH, Zeb A, Xu L, Wei Y (2011) Thidiazuron: a multi-dimensional plant growth regulator. Afr J Biotechnol 10:8984–9000
Hong Y, Lin S, Jiang Y, Ashraf M (2008) Variation in contents of total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant activities in the leaves of 11 Eriobotrya species. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 63:200–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-008-0088-6
Isah T (2019) Stress and defense responses in plant secondary metabolites production. Biol Res 52:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-019-0246-3
Jamshidi M, Ghanati F, Rezaei A, Bemani E (2016) Change of antioxidant enzymes activity of hazel (Corylus avellana L) cells by AgNPs. Cytotechnology 68:525–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-014-9808-y
Karuppusamy S (2009) A review on trends in production of secondary metabolites from higher plants by in vitro tissue, organ and cell cultures. J Med Plants Res 3:1222–1239
Khan T, Abbasi BH, Khan MA, Shinwari ZK (2016) Differential effects of thidiazuron on production of anticancer phenolic compounds in callus cultures of Fagonia indica. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 179:46–58
Khan T, Abbasi BH, Khan MA (2018a) The interplay between light, plant growth regulators and elicitors on growth and secondary metabolism in cell cultures of Fagonia indica. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 185:153–160
Khan T, Ullah MA, Garros L, Hano C, Abbasi B (2018b) Synergistic effects of melatonin and distinct spectral lights for enhanced production of anti-cancerous compounds in callus cultures of Fagonia indica. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.010
Khan MA, Khan T, Mashwani Z-U-R, Riaz MS, Ullah N, Ali H, Nadhman A (2019) Chapter Two—Plant cell nanomaterials interaction: growth, physiology and secondary metabolism. In: Verma SK, Das AK (eds) Comprehensive analytical chemistry, vol 84. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 23–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.coac.2019.04.005
Khodakovskaya MV, De Silva K, Biris AS, Dervishi E, Villagarcia H (2012) Carbon nanotubes induce growth enhancement of tobacco cells. ACS Nano 6:2128–2135
Kim DH, Gopal J, Sivanesan I (2017) Nanomaterials in plant tissue culture: the disclosed and undisclosed. RSC Adv 7:36492–36505. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA07025J
Nair PMG, Chung IM (2014) Physiological and molecular level effects of silver nanoparticles exposure in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Chemosphere 112:105–113
Oldenburg SJ, Saunders AE (2020) Silver nanomaterials for biological applications. Merck. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/materials-science/silver-nanomaterials.html. Accessed 15 June 2020
Prabhu S, Poulose EK (2012) Silver nanoparticles: mechanism of antimicrobial action, synthesis, medical applications, and toxicity effects. Int Nano Lett 2:32
Ramirez-Estrada K, Vidal-Limon H, Hidalgo D, Moyano E, Golenioswki M, Cusidó RM, Palazon J (2016) Elicitation, an effective strategy for the biotechnological production of bioactive high-added value compounds in plant cell factories. Molecules 21:182
Sadak MS (2019) Impact of silver nanoparticles on plant growth, some biochemical aspects, and yield of fenugreek plant (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Bull Natl Res Centre 43:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0077-y
Sanzari I, Leone A, Ambrosone A (2019) Nanotechnology in plant science: to make a long story short. Front Bioeng Biotech 7:120. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00120
Sehnal K et al (2019) An assessment of the effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using sage leaves (Salvia officinalis L.) on germinated plants of maize (Zea mays L.). Nanomaterials 9:1550
Sharma P, Bhatt D, Zaidi M, Saradhi PP, Khanna P, Arora S (2012) Silver nanoparticle-mediated enhancement in growth and antioxidant status of Brassica juncea. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 167:2225–2233
Sreelatha S, Padma PR (2009) Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Moringa oleifera leaves in two stages of maturity. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 64:303–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-009-0141-0
Syu Y-Y, Hung J-H, Chen J-C, Chuang H-W (2014) Impacts of size and shape of silver nanoparticles on Arabidopsis plant growth and gene expression. Plant Physiol Biochem 83:57–64
Verma SK, Das AK, Patel MK, Shah A, Kumar V, Gantait S (2018) Engineered nanomaterials for plant growth and development: a perspective analysis. Sci Total Environ 630:1413–1435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.313
Waheed A, Barker J, Barton SJ, Owen CP, Ahmed S, Carew MA (2012) A novel steroidal saponin glycoside from Fagonia indica induces cell-selective apoptosis or necrosis in cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 47:464–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2012.07.004
Yan A, Chen Z (2019) Impacts of silver nanoparticles on plants: a focus on the phytotoxicity and underlying mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 20:1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051003
Yoshioka T, Inokuchi T, Fujioka S, Kimura Y (2004) Phenolic compounds and flavonoids as plant growth regulators from fruit and leaf of Vitex rotundifolia. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C J Biosci 59:509–514. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-7-810
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand for continuous support in research activities.
Funding
This research Project was conducted as a part of general graduate research and was partially funded by the Higher Education Commission research project, NRPU 6649.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
SB, AZ and TK contributed equally to this research and should be considered equal principle authors. SB, and AZ did the research work and wrote the manuscript. TK conceived the idea and supervised the work. NZ provided the resources and guided analytical steps of the research. WA analyzed the data and critically reviewed the work. TK wrote the manuscript and added to its technical part.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Begum, S., Zahid, A., Khan, T. et al. Comparative analysis of the effects of chemically and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on biomass accumulation and secondary metabolism in callus cultures of Fagonia indica. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 26, 1739–1750 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00851-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00851-w