Abstract
The dalbergioids, one of the largest clades among legumes, present significant karyotype diversity. Previous studies suggested different base chromosome numbers, hampering the understanding of karyotype evolution in dalbergioid legumes. In this study, we integrated chromosome numbers from the literature with phylogenetic data and new cytogenetic data for six species aiming to clarify the paths of karyotype evolution. We could confirm the base chromosome number of dalbergioid legumes as x = 10, which was constant for the three dalbergioid clades, namely Adesmia, Dalbergia, and Pterocarpus. However, we found alternative base chromosome numbers for some genera, which illustrate the two main mechanisms of chromosome changes found in dalbergioids: polyploidy and dysploidy. Considering the first diverging lineages in the phylogeny, polyploidy and dysploidy could be detected in seven and three nodes, respectively, with two out of the three dysploidy events associated with polyploidy. Nevertheless, considering the chromosome changes within species, the descendent dysploidy was the most common event in dalbergioid legumes. Such a high frequency of dysploidy highlights the importance of studying multiple populations from each species. In addition, the chromosome banding revealed DAPI+ bands, which is not commonly found in plants, as a possible chromosome marker for Stylosanthes. The chromosome banding analysis has taxonomic potential and could be explored in future studies to better understand the complex taxonomic groups inside dalbergioid legumes.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to EMBRAPA and the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro for providing the seeds and to the Associate Editor and anonymous referees for all comments that improved the manuscript. The first author thanks the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Proc. 2011/22,215-3). The phylogenetic analyses were completed on the High-Performance Cluster of the Smithsonian Institution (https://doi.org/10.25572/SIHPC).
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Ana Paula Moraes was involved in conceptualization; Ana Paula Moraes and Mohammad Vatanparast helped in data curation; Caroline Polido, André Marques, and Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues Souza contributed to collecting seed materials and chromosome preparations; Mohammad Vatanparast was involved in phylogenetic analysis; Ana Paula Moraes was involved in formal analysis and investigation and also supervision; Ana Paula Moraes and Mohammad Vatanparast contributed to visualization; Ana Paula Moraes, Mohammad Vatanparast, Ana Paula Fortuna-Perez, and Eliana R. Forni-Martins contributed to writing—original draft and writing—review and editing.
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Moraes, A.P., Vatanparast, M., Polido, C. et al. Chromosome number evolution in dalbergioid legumes (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae). Braz. J. Bot 43, 575–587 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00631-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00631-6