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Optical characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter during blooms of Trichodesmium in the coastal waters off Goa

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Abstract

Trichodesmium, a marine cyanobacterium, plays a significant role in the global nitrogen cycle due to its nitrogen fixing ability. Large patches of Trichodesmium blooms were observed in the coastal waters, off Goa during spring intermonsoon (SIM) of 2014–2018. Zeaxanthin was the dominant pigment in the bloom region. Here, we present the spectral absorption and fluorescence characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) during these blooms. CDOM concentration was much higher in the bloom patches as compared with nonbloom regions. During the bloom spectral CDOM absorption had distinct peaks in the UV region due to the presence of UV-absorbing/screening compounds, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and in the visible region due to phycobiliproteins (PBPs). The spectral fluorescence signatures by the traditional peak picking method exhibited three peaks, one was protein-like, and the other two were humic-like. Apart from these, Trichodesmium exhibited strong protein-like fluorescence with 370/460 nm (Ex/Em), which is a signature of cyanobacteria. A parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) on the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) of Trichodesmium dataset fitted a 3-component model of which one was protein-like, and two were humic-like. The fluorescence index (FI) values during Trichodesmium bloom was very high (~ 3) compared with the typical range of 1.2–1.8 observed for the natural waters. Bloom degradation experiments proved that increase in tryptophan fluorescence enhances the CDOM absorption. Our study indicates that Trichodesmium blooms provide a rich source of organic matter in the coastal waters and long-term monitoring of these blooms is essential for understanding the health of ecosystem.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Director, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, for providing the facilities and support. We also acknowledge other colleagues who have helped in the field measurements and also in preparation of the manuscript. A. Dias acknowledges CSIR for providing research fellowship. This study was supported by the Space Application Centre (Indian Space Research Organization), Ahmedabad, India, under the MOP-3 program (grant number GAP2840). This is NIO contribution No: 6570.

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This study was funded by the Space Application Centre (Indian Space Research Organization), Ahmedabad, India, under the MOP-3 program (grant number GAP2840).

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  1. CSIR—National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India

    Albertina Dias, Siby Kurian & Suresh Thayapurath

  2. School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa, 403206, India

    Albertina Dias

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Dias, A., Kurian, S. & Thayapurath, S. Optical characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter during blooms of Trichodesmium in the coastal waters off Goa. Environ Monit Assess 192, 526 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08494-w

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