Skip to main content
Log in

Growth and Development Patterns of the Skeleton in Simmental and Cross Young Beef Bulls

  • ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
  • Published:
Russian Agricultural Sciences Aims and scope

Abstract

The age-related carcass-morphology and composition changes and the growth and development patterns of the axial and peripheral skeleton systems and the bones composing them in the Simmental and crossbred young beef bulls have been studied. In order to carry out the survey, the young bulls were divided into three groups of 15 animals each. The first (control) group included the purebred Simmental young bulls. The second (experimental) group was formed of the halfbred and crossbred young stock produced by crossbreeding between the Simmental cows and the Simmental beef bulls of German selection. The third (experimental) group was composed of the crosses of Simmental cows with Charolais bulls. The Charolais crosses had more energy for growth. Thus, their liveweights comprised 431.9, 523.4, and 620.6 kg at the ages of 12, 15, and 18 months, respectively, which were 7.8, 7.5, and 10.2% more than that in their peers of the maternal breed. The crossbred young stock in both groups was distinct for carcass morphology and composition, reaching a more advanced level of the carcass flesh-coverage mass in all the age intervals when compared that to the purebred Simmentals. The age-related changes in the absolute and relative masses of the young-bull carcass bones are caused by different intensities specific to bone growth in the axial and peripheral skeleton systems. For instance, the intensity of bone growth in the axial skeleton system tended to increase in the postnatal period, while the bone growth rates of the peripheral skeleton system decreased. Irregularity in developing the indicated skeleton systems is caused by different intensities specific to growth of certain bones and their complexes. The highest growth rate is usually typical for ribs and the vertebral column, while the slowest growth rate is most common for extremitas thoracica and extremas pelvina. The bone growth rates for the limb proximal structures generally exceed that for the distal bone structures. The age-related differences in the growth rates of certain skeleton structures can cause some changes in ratios between the linear body measurements of the young bulls.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Dunin, I.M., Breeding resources of specialized meat cattle breeding as the basis for intensive beef production in Russia, Zootekhniya, 2018, no. 2, pp. 2–4.

  2. Prokhorov, I.P., The formation of meat productivity in young cattle during industrial crossbreeding, Extended Abstract of Doctoral (Agric.) Dissertation, Moscow, 2013.

  3. Amerkhanov, Kh.A. and Kayumov, F.G., Myasnoe skotovodstvo (Beef Cattle Breeding), Moscow, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mamaev, I.I., Tagirov, Kh.Kh., Yusupov, R.S., and Mironova, I.V., Growth, development and hematological indicators of bull-calves of black-motley breed and its two- and three-breed crossbreeds, Molochn. Myasn. Skotovod., 2014, no. 2, pp. 2–4.

  5. Tagirov, Kh.Kh. and Iskhakov, R.S., Productive qualities of young black-motley breed and its crossbreeds with Limousines, Vestn. Myasn. Skotovod., 2015, no. 2, pp. 39–45.

  6. Sudarev, N.P., Abylkasymov, D., and Shchukina, T.N., Beef cattle breeding in the Russian Federation and its development prospects, Zootekhniya, 2018, no. 2, pp. 24–25.

  7. Soloshenko, V.A. and Inerbaev, B.O., A new selection achievement: The Simmental cattle type “Bagansky meat,” Dostizh. Nauki Tekh. APK, 2014, no. 7, pp. 44–45.

  8. Luk’yanov, V.N. and Prokhorov, I.P., The effect of crossing Simmental cows with meat bulls on the quality of meat in young crossbreeds, Glavn. Zootekh., 2017, no. 9, pp. 40–49.

  9. Prokhorov, I.P., Some data on the efficiency of crossing cows of Simmental breed with bulls of meat breeds, Zootekhniya, 2011, no. 3, pp. 4–6.

  10. Prokhorov, I.P., Luk’yanov, V.N., and Pikul’, A.N., Growth, development, and meat productivity in bull calves of Simmental breed and its crosses with Hereford and Charolais breeds, Izv. Timiryazevsk. S-kh. Akad., 2014, no. 4, pp. 74–89.

  11. Grikshas, S.A., Shamidova, M.M., and Abbasov, M.R., Meat productivity of beef bull calves, Dokl. Timiryazevsk. S-kh. Akad., 2016, no. 288, part 1, pp. 221–224.

  12. Kamilov, F.Kh., Farshatova, E.R., and Enikeev, D.A., Cellular-molecular mechanisms of bone tissue remodeling and its regulation, Fundam. Issled., 2014, no. 7-4, pp. 836–842.

  13. Maslov, L.B., A mathematical model of structural adjustment of bone tissue, Ross. Zh. Biomekh., 2013, no. 2, pp. 39–63.

  14. Gorlov, I.F., Kobylyatskii, P.S., Shakhbazova, O.P., and Alekseev, A.L., On the development of bone and muscle tissue in young animals of dairy breeds, Izv. Nizhnevolzh. Agrouniv. Kompleksa: Nauka Vyssh. Prof. Obraz., 2015, no. 2, pp. 120–127.

  15. Batanov, S.D. and Korepanova, L.V., The formation of meat productivity in black-motley bull-calves and their second-generation crossbreeds with Herefords, Zootekhniya, 2013, no. 8, pp. 20–22.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. P. Prohorov.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Statement of the welfare of animals. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. The article does not concern any researches using animals as objects.

Additional information

Translated by O. Zhiryakova

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Prohorov, I.P., Kalmykova, O.A. Growth and Development Patterns of the Skeleton in Simmental and Cross Young Beef Bulls. Russ. Agricult. Sci. 46, 295–299 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367420030155

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367420030155

Navigation