Abstract
To evaluate the effect of tractor transits and tillage system operations on soil pore functioning in a Haploxeroll, soil physical properties were measured on a field located in central Chile. The study site was divided into management under no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) and a wheat-rapeseed rotation was conducted within the last 7 years. During the last wheat season, soil properties (bulk density, water content, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks) were evaluated at 0–5-cm depth at six timesteps (before tillage, after tillage, after sowing, first knot, anthesis, after harvest) and at two locations: in the wheel track (WT) and out of (OWT) the wheel track. The bulk density was stable in time, with values ranging between 1.18 and 1.33 Mg m−3, expected for soil texture. The water content was in agreement with water supply and rain, decreasing sharply at the end of the season. For the saturated hydraulic conductivity, average values ranged between 0.49 and 3.08 cm h−1, representing moderately high values. In NT, a wheel track effect was observed after sowing due to the mass of the equipment, with the lowest Ks values in the NT-WT treatment (0.49 cm h−1), followed by CT in both conditions (WT and OWT). The highest Ks values were observed in CT-WT at anthesis (3.08 cm h−1) as an indicator of the recovery of the soil structure. Higher variations on Ks values were observed in CT than NT, with tillage × time interaction as the main factor for Ks variability; in this sense, soil functioning recovers during the season has not been affected by wheel track.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alletto L, Coquet Y (2009) Temporal and spatial variability of soil bulk density and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity under two contrasted tillage management systems. Geoderma 152:85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.023
Athmann M, Sondermann J, Kautz T, Köpke U (2019) Comparing macropore exploration by faba bean, wheat, barley and oilseed rape roots using in situ endoscopy. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 19:689–700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00069-0
Barik K, Aksakal EL, Islam KR, Sari S, Angin I (2014) Spatial variability in soil compaction properties associated with field traffic operations. Catena 120:122–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.04.013
Beven K, Germann P (2013) Macropores and water flow in soils revisited. Water Resour Res 49:3071–3092. https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20156
Bhattacharyya R, Prakash V, Kundu S, Gupta HS (2005) Effect of tillage and crop rotations on pore size distribution and soil hydraulic conductivity in sandy clay loam soil of the Indian Himalayas. Soil Tillage Res 86:129–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.018
Bormann H, Klaassen K (2008) Seasonal and land use dependent variability of soil hydraulic and soil hydrological properties of two Northern German soils. Geoderma 145:295–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.03.017
Brunel N, Seguel O, Acevedo E (2013) Conservation tillage and water availability for wheat in the dryland of central Chile. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 13:622–637. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162013005000050
Centeno LN, Hu W, Timm LC, She D, Ferreira A, Silva-Barros W, Beskow S, Caldeira T (2020) Dominant control of macroporosity on saturated soil hydraulic conductivity at multiple scales and locations revealed by wavelet analyses. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00239-5
Chan KY, Oates A, Swan AD, Hayes RC, Dear BS, Peoples MB (2006) Agronomic consequences of tractor wheel compaction on a clay soil. Soil Tillage Res 89:13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.06.007
Chenu C, Angers DA, Barréc P, Derriend D, Arrouays D, Balesdent J (2019) Increasing organic stocks in agricultural soils: knowledge gaps and potential innovations. Soil Tillage Res 188:41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.04.011
CIREN (1996) Estudio Agrológico Región Metropolitana. Descripción de suelos materiales y símbolos. Publicación N°115. Santiago de Chile. 132 p
Coquet Y, Vachier P, Labat C (2005) Vertical variation of near-saturated hydraulic conductivity in three soil profiles. Geoderma 126:181–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.09.014
Dec D, Dörner J, Becker-Fazekas O, Horn R (2008) Effect of bulk density on hydraulic properties of homogenized and structured soils. Rev de la Ccia del Suelo y Nut Veg 8:1–13 ISSN 0718-2791
Decagon Devices (2012) Mini disk infiltrometer. User’s Manual Version 10. [On line]. http://manuals.decagon.com/Manuals/10564_Mini%20Disk%20Infiltrometer_Web.pdf
Di Rienzo JA, Casanoves F, Balzarini MG, Gonzalez L, Tablada M, Robledo CW (2017) InfoStat versión 2017. Grupo InfoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. URL http://www.infostat.com.ar
Dörner J, Dec D, Peng X, Horn R (2009) Change of shrinkage behavior of an Andisol in southern Chile: effects of land use and wetting/drying cycles. Soil Tillage Res 106:45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.09.013
Etana A, Larsbo M, Keller T, Arvidsson J, Schjønning P, Forkman J, Jarvis N (2013) Persistent subsoil compaction and its effects on preferential flow patterns in a loamy till soil. Geoderma 192:430–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.08.015
Fischer RA, Byerlee D, Edmeades GO (2014) Crop yields and global food security: will yield increase continue to feed the world? ACIAR Monograph No. 158. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra. 634 pp. ISBN 978-1-925133-06-6
Fuentes J, Flury M, Bezdicek DD (2004) Hydraulic properties in a silt loam soil under natural prairie, conventional till, and no-till. Soil Sci Soc Am J 68:1679–1688. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.1679
Goebes P, Seitz S, Geißler C, Lassu T, Peters P, Seeger M, Nadrowski K, Scholten T (2014) Momentum or kinetic energy - how do substrate properties influence the calculation of rainfall erosivity? J Hydrol 517:310–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.031
Haring V, Fischer H, Cadisch G, Stahr K (2013) Implication of erosion on the assessment of decomposition and humification of soil organic carbon after land use change in tropical agricultural systems. Soil Biol Biochem 65:158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.04.021
Hillel D (2004) Introduction to environmental soil physics. Elsevier Science 494p
Horn R, Way T, Rostek J (2003) Effect of repeated tractor wheeling on stress/strain properties and consequences on physical properties in structured arable soils. Soil Tillage Res 73:101–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-1987(03)00103-x
Hu W, Shao M, Wang Q, Fan J, Horton R (2009) Temporal changes of soil hydraulic properties under different land uses. Geoderma 149:355–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.12.016
Hunt G, Ghanbarian B, Saville K (2013) Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity modeling for porous media with two fractal regimes. Geoderma 207:268–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.05.023
Jonard F, Mahmoudzadeh M, Roisin C, Weihermuller L, Andre F, Minet J (2013) Characterization of tillage effects on the spatial variation of soil properties using ground-penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction. Geoderma 207:310–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.05.024
Jordán A, Zavala L, Gil J (2010) Effects of mulching on soil physical properties and runoff under semi-arid conditions in southern Spain. Catena. 81:77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.01.007
Kang S, Zhang L, Liang Y, Hu X, Cai H, Gu B (2002) Effects of limited irrigation on yield and water efficiency of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China. Agric Water Manag 55:203–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(01)00180-9
Kayser D, Rodrigues M, Riechert J, Reinert D, Horn R, Fleige H (2013) Soil physical capacity and intensity properties for achieving sustainable agriculture in the subtropics and tropics: a review. In: Krümmelbein J, Horn R, Pagliai M (eds) Soil degradation. Advances in Geoecology 42. Reiskirchen, Germany. ISBN 978–3–923381-59-3. pp 242–339
Lampurlanés J, Cantero-Martínez C (2006) Hydraulic conductivity, residue cover and soil surface roughness under different tillage systems in semiarid conditions. Soil Tillage Res 85:13–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.11.006
Lin H (2011) Three principles of soil change and pedogenesis in time and space. Soil Sci Soc Am J 75:2049–2050
Martínez E, Fuentes JP, Silva P, Valle S, Acevedo E (2008) Soil physical properties and wheat root growth as affected by no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in a Mediterranean environment of Chile. Soil Tillage Res 99:232–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.02.001
Martínez I, Ovalle C, Del Pozo A, Uribe H, Valderrama N, Prat C (2011) Influence of conservation tillage and soil water content on crop yield in dryland compacted alfisol of central Chile. Chilean J Agric Res 71:615–622. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392011000400018
Martínez E, Fuentes JP, Pino V, Silva P, Acevedo E (2013) Chemical and biological properties as affected by no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in an irrigated Haploxeroll of Central Chile. Soil Tillage Res 126:238–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.07.014
Martínez-Mena M, Lopez J, Almagro M, Boix-Fayos C, Albaladejo J (2008) Effect of water erosion in a semiarid area of South-East Spain. Soil Tillage Res 99:119–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.01.009
Mehdizade B, Asadi H, Shabanpour M, Ghadiri H (2013) Impact of erosion and tillage on the productivity and quality of selected semiarid soils of Iran. Int Agrophys 27:291–297. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0097-4
Moreira WH, Tormena CA, Karlen DL, Pires da Silva A, Keller T, Betioli E Jr (2016) Seasonal changes in soil physical properties under long-term no-tillage. Soil Tillage Res 160:53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.02.007
Mulumba L, Lal R (2008) Mulching effects on selected soil physical properties. Soil Tillage Res 98:106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.10.011
Osunbitan J, Oyedele D, Adekalu D (2005) Tillage effects on bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and strength of a loamy sand soil in southwestern Nigeria. Soil Tillage Res 82:57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.05.007
Pathak P, Wani S, Rao Sudi R (2011) Long-term effects of management systems on crop yield and soil physical properties of semi-arid tropics of Vertisols. Agric Sci 2(4):435–442
Perroux K, White I (1988) Designs for disc permeameters. Soil Sci Soc Am J 52:1205–1215. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200050001x
Pöhlitz J, Rücknagel J, Koblenz B, Schlüter S, Vogel HJ, Christen O (2018) Computed tomography and soil physical measurements of compaction behaviour under strip tillage, mulch tillage and no tillage. Soil Tillage Res 175:205–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.09.007
Reynolds W, Zebchuk W (1996) Use of contact material in tension infiltrometer measurements. Soil Technol 9(3):141–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0933-3630(96)00009-8
Reynolds W, Drury C, Yang X, Tan CS (2008) Optimal soil physical quality inferred through structural regression and parameter interactions. Geoderma 146:466–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.06.017
Reynolds W, Drury C, Tan CS, Fox C, Yang X (2009) Use of indicators and pore volume-function characteristics to quantify soil physical quality. Geoderma 152:252–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.06.009
Sanaullah M, Usman M, Wakeel A, Cheema SA, Ashraf I, Farooq M (2020) Terrestrial ecosystem functioning affected by agricultural management systems: a review. Soil Tillage Res 196:104464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104464
Sandoval M, Dörner J, Seguel O, Cuevas J, Rivera D (2012) Métodos de análisis físicos de suelos. Universidad de Concepción, Chillán
Sasal MC, Boizard H, Andriulo AE, Wilson MG, Léonard J (2017) Platy structure development under no-tillage in the northern humid Pampas of Argentina and its impact on runoff. Soil Tillage Res 173:33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.08.014
Sawchik I, Pérez-Bidegain M, García C (2012) Impact of winter cover crops on soil properties under soybean cropping systems. In: Ernst O, Pérez-Bidegain M, Terra J, Barbazán M (eds) Agrociencia. Striving for sustainable high productivity through improved soil and crop management. pp 288-293
Schaffer B, Stauber M, Muller R, Schulin R (2007) Changes in the macro-pore structure of restored soil caused by compaction beneath heavy agricultural machinery: a morphometric study. Eur J Soil Sci 58:1062–1073. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00886.x
Schoeneberger P, Wysocki D, Benham E (2012) Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 3.0. Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE
Seguel O, Horn R (2006) Structure properties and pore dynamics in aggregate beds due to wetting-drying cycles. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 169:221–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200521854
Seitz S, Goebes P, Loaiza Puerta V, Pujol Pereira EI, Wittwer R, Six J, van der Heijden MGA, Scholten T (2019) Conservation tillage and organic farming reduce soil erosion. Agron Sustain Dev 39:4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0545-z
Singh A, Phogat VK, Dahiya R, Batra SD (2014) Impact of long-term zero till wheat on soil physical properties and wheat productivity under rice–wheat cropping system. Soil Tillage Res 140:98–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.03.002
Sivarajan S, Maharlooei M, Bajwa SG, Nowatzki JK (2018) Impact of soil compaction due to wheel traffic on corn and soybean growth, development and yield. Soil Tillage Res 175:234–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.09.001
Soares MF, Centeno LN, Timm LC, Mello CR, Kaiser DR, Beskow S (2020) Identifying covariates to assess the spatial variability of saturated soil hydraulic conductivity using robust cokriging at the watershed scale. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00228-8
Soil Survey Staff (2010) Keys to soil taxonomy, 11th edn. USDA- Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln
Strudley MW, Green TR, Ascough JC (2008) Tillage effects on soil hydraulic properties in space and time: state of the science. Soil Tillage Res 99:4–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.01.007
Ugarte Nano CC, Nicolardot B, Ubertosi M (2015) Near-saturated hydraulic conductivity measured on a swelling silty clay loam for three integrated weed management based cropping systems. Soil Tillage Res 150:192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.02.003
Uteau D, Pagenkemper SK, Peth S, Horn R (2013) Root and time dependent soil structure formation and its influence on gas transport. Soil Tillage Res 132:69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.001
Villarreal R, Lozano LA, Salazar MP, Bellora GL, Melani EM, Polich N, Soracco CG (2020) Pore system configuration and hydraulic properties. Temporal variation during the crop cycle in different soil types of Argentinean Pampas Region. Soil Tillage Res 198:104528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104528
Wahl N, Bens O, Buczko U, Hangen E, Hüttl R (2004) Effects of conventional and conservation tillage on soil hydraulic properties of a silty-loamy soil. Phys Chem Earth 29:821–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2004.05.009
Warrick A (2002) Soil physics companion. CRC Press, USA
Zhang R (1997) Determination of soil sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity from the disk infiltrometer. Soil Sci Soc Am J 61:1024–1030. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100040005x
Zúñiga F, Ivelic-Sáez J, López I, Huygens D, Dörner J (2015) Temporal dynamics of the physical quality of an Andisol under a grazing system subjected to different pasture improvement strategies. Soil Tillage Res 145:233–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.09.014
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seguel, O., Díaz, D., Acevedo, E. et al. Hydraulic Conductivity in a Soil Cultivated with Wheat-Rapeseed Rotation Under Two Tillage Systems. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20, 2304–2315 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00296-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00296-w