Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Phase transition, microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si joints brazed with Ti–Zr–Ni–Cu filler metal

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ti–6Al–4V (TC4) and Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si (TC11) joints were achieved via Ti–37.5Zr–15Ni–10Cu (wt%) filler metal when the brazing temperature was in the range from 950 °C (below β-transus) to 1040 °C (above β-transus) for 10–60 min. The role of brazing parameters in the microstructure evolution as well as mechanical properties of both base alloys and brazed joints was studied. The research analysis suggested that the typical interfacial microstructure was divided into five characteristic zones including reaction phases of α-Ti, β-Ti and (Ti, Zr)2CuNi. With the holding time prolonged, the sectionalized structure transformed into lamellar Widmanstätten structure in the brazing seam at the temperature of 950 °C, and the optimized shear strength reached 616 MPa at 950 °C for 60 min. Nevertheless, when increasing the brazing temperature to 1000 °C, the joint shear strength tended to be stable as the holding time exceeded 20 min due to the elemental homogenization, and the shear strength reached 627 MPa for the holding time of 20 min. Tensile test results showed that the mechanical properties of both TC4 and TC11 alloys were dramatically degraded at the heat treatment temperature of 1000 °C owning to the drastic grain coarsening and phase transition. Additionally, the plastic strain of TC4/TC11 joint brazed at 1000 °C for 20 min was 1.66%, while that of joint brazed at 950 °C for 60 min reached 2.01%. The variation in mechanical properties of base alloys as well as brazed joints under different thermal conditions revealed that the optimized temperature for brazing of titanium alloys was lower than β-transus with a long time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhao P, Fu L, Chen H. Low cycle fatigue properties of linear friction welded joint of TC11 and TC17 titanium alloys. J Alloy Compd. 2016;675:248–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.03.113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Yadroitsev I, Krakhmalev P, Yadroitsava I. Selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V alloy for biomedical applications: temperature monitoring and microstructural evolution. J Alloy Compd. 2014;583:404–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.08.183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Song HW, Zhang SH, Cheng M. Dynamic globularization kinetics during hot working of a two phase titanium alloy with a colony alpha microstructure. J Alloy Compd. 2009;480(2):922–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.02.059.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang T, Yu B, Han K, Peng F, Jiang S, Zhao H, et al. Effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Cu66V34/Cu joints by electron beam welding. J Manuf Process. 2019;45:147–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.07.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hao X, Dong H, Li S, et al. Lap joining of TC4 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with fillet weld by GTAW using copper-based filler wire. J Mater Process Technol. 2018;257:88–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.02.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Song X, Ben B, Hu S, Feng J, Tang D. Vacuum brazing high Nb-containing TiAl alloy to Ti60 alloy using Ti-28Ni eutectic brazing alloy. J Alloy Compd. 2017;692:485–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.074.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang XR, Yang YQ, Luo X, Zhang W, Zhao GM, Huang B. An investigation of Ti–43Al–9V/Ti–6Al–4V interface by diffusion bonding. Intermetallics. 2013;36:127–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.12.018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chan HY, Liaw DW, Shiue RK. The microstructural observation of brazing Ti–6Al–4V and TZM using the BAg-8 braze alloy. Int J Refract Metal Hard Mater. 2004;22(1):27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2003.11.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen X, Yan J, Gao F, Wei J, Xu Z, Fan G. Interaction behaviors at the interface between liquid Al–Si and solid Ti–6Al–4V in ultrasonic-assisted brazing in air. Ultrason Sonochem. 2013;20(1):144–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.06.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yang TY, Shiue RK, Wu SK. Infrared brazing of Ti50Ni50 shape memory alloy using pure Cu and Ti–5Cu–15Ni foils. Intermetallics. 2004;12(12):1285–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2004.03.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chang CT, Du YC, Shiue RK, Chang CS. Infrared brazing of high-strength titanium alloys by Ti–15Cu–15Ni and Ti–15Cu–25Ni filler foils. Mater Sci Eng A. 2006;420(1):155–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.01.046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Pang S, Sun L, Xiong H, Chen C, Liu Y, Li H, et al. A multicomponent TiZr-based amorphous brazing filler metal for high-strength joining of titanium alloy. Scripta Mater. 2016;117:55–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.02.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ganjeh E, Sarkhosh H, Bajgholi ME, Khorsand H, Ghaffari M. Increasing Ti–6Al–4V brazed joint strength equal to the base metal by Ti and Zr amorphous filler alloys. Mater Charact. 2012;71:31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2012.05.016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ganjeh E, Sarkhosh H. Microstructural, mechanical and fractographical study of titanium-CP and Ti–6Al–4V similar brazing with Ti-based filler. Mater Sci Eng A. 2013;559:119–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.08.043.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chang CT, Wu ZY, Shiue RK, Chang CS. Infrared brazing Ti–6Al–4V and SP-700 alloys using the Ti–20Zr–20Cu–20Ni braze alloy. Mater Lett. 2007;61(3):842–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.05.077.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Shapiro A, Rabinkin A. State of the art of titanium-based brazing filler metals. Weld J. 2003;82(10):36–433.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang H, Li J, Ma P, Xiong J, Zhang F. Study on microstructure and impact toughness of TC4 titanium alloy diffusion bonding joint. Vacuum. 2018;152:272–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.03.019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gu Y, Zeng F, Qi Y, Xia C, Xiong X. Tensile creep behavior of heat-treated TC11 titanium alloy at 450–550 °C. Mater Sci Eng A. 2013;575:74–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.03.038.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lee MK, Lee JG. Mechanical and corrosion properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints brazed with a low-melting-point 62.7Zr–11.0Ti–13.2Cu–9.8Ni–3.3Be amorphous filler metal. Mater Charact. 2013;81:19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.04.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Yuan L, Xiong JT, Du YJ, et al. Effects of pure Ti or Zr powder on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V and Ti2AlNb joints brazed with TiZrCuNi. Mater Sci Eng A. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lee MK, Kim KH, Lee JG, Rhee CK. Growth of isothermally-solidified titanium joints using a multi-component Zr–Ti–Cu–Ni–Be amorphous alloy as a brazing filler. Mater Charact. 2013;80:98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.03.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang Y, Jiao M, Yang Z, Wang D, Liu Y. Vacuum brazing of Ti2AlNb and TC4 alloys using Ti–Zr–Cu–Ni and Ti–Zr–Cu–Ni + mo filler metals: microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. Arch Civil Mech Eng. 2018;18(2):546–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2017.10.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Appolaire B, Héricher L, Aeby-Gautier E. Modelling of phase transformation kinetics in Ti alloys—isothermal treatments. Acta Mater. 2005;53(10):3001–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2005.03.014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sun Z, Guo S, Yang H. Nucleation and growth mechanism of α-lamellae of Ti alloy TA15 cooling from an α+β phase field. Acta Mater. 2013;61(6):2057–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.12.025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Science and Technology Program of Tianjin (Grant no.18ZXCLGX00060) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.51875400).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tianjin Key Lab of Advanced Joining Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Zhenwen Yang, Yuhan Chen, Shiyu Niu, Ying Wang, Yajing Han, Xiaoqiang Cai & Dongpo Wang

  2. National Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Yajing Han & Dongpo Wang

Authors
  1. Zhenwen Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuhan Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shiyu Niu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ying Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yajing Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xiaoqiang Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Dongpo Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhenwen Yang or Yajing Han.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethical statement

The article was conducted according to ethical standards.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yang, Z., Chen, Y., Niu, S. et al. Phase transition, microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si joints brazed with Ti–Zr–Ni–Cu filler metal. Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng 20, 88 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-020-00093-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-020-00093-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation