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Origin and classification of the Late Triassic Huaishuping gold deposit in the eastern part of the Qinling-Dabie Orogen, China: implications for gold metallogeny

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Abstract

The Huaishuping gold deposit is located in the Xiong’ershan Mountains of the Qinling-Dabie Orogen of central China. The mineralisation is structurally controlled and hosted by faulted rhyolite, quartz andesite, volcaniclastic rocks and volcanic breccia assigned to the Jidanping Formation towards the top the Palaeoproterozoic Xiong’er Group. The deposit has a resource of around 32 t with an average grade of 5.5 g/t Au. Alteration at the deposit progressed from an early K-feldspar–quartz–pyrite assemblage through quartz–pyrite–gold, quartz–base-metal sulfides, to a late-stage assemblage of quartz–carbonate. The δ34S (V-CDT) values for pyrite in the ore range from − 13.3 to + 1.6‰. The calcite has C-isotopes ranging from − 6.1 to + 2.5‰ (V-PDB) and O-isotopes from + 10.6 to + 15.8‰ (V-SMOW). The δ18O quartz ranges from 10.5 to 15.1‰, and the δD values for fluid inclusions in quartz range from − 93 to − 76‰. The δ56Fe value for the mineralisation varies between 0.1 and 0.5‰ with corresponding δ57Fe values between 0.2 and 0.7‰. The isotope systematics indicates that the hydrothermal fluids were derived from metamorphic fluid, but the source of gold remains uncertain. Re–Os dating of molybdenite yields a date of 202 ± 8 Ma interpreted as the age of the gold mineralisation. This age is consistent with the Triassic onset of extensional tectonics following the collision between North and South China.

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Acknowledgements

This study is jointly sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Number 41872080), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Number 2652019197), Most Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources in China University of Geosciences (Beijing) (Number MSFGPMR201804) and the 111 Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, China (Number BP0719021). We are grateful to Heejin Jeon, Vikraman Selvaraja, Shengao Liu, Mu Liu and Xu Wang for their help with the C–H–O–S–Fe–Os–Re isotope analysis. We are also grateful to the Editor Prof. Georges Beaudoin and Associate Editor Prof. Frank Melcher for their valuable help in handling this paper, and Prof. Franco Pirajno and the anonymous referees for their helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, 29# Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China

    Changming Wang, Jun Deng, Leon Bagas, Xinyu He & Jing Zhang

  2. Centre for Exploration Targeting, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia

    Changming Wang & Leon Bagas

  3. Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, 438 Youyi Road, Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, China

    Leon Bagas

  4. China Non-ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey, Beijing, 100012, China

    Xinyu He

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  1. Changming Wang
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  2. Jun Deng
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  3. Leon Bagas
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  4. Xinyu He
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  5. Jing Zhang
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Correspondence to Jun Deng.

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Editorial handling: F. Melcher

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Table 1A

Sulfur isotopes analysed from 121 spots on pyrite from the mineralisation stages at the Huaishuping deposit (XLSX 17 kb)

Fig. 1A

Plots of δ34S versus δ 33S (a), and δ56Fe versus δ57Fe (b) for the Huaishuping deposit (PDF 211 kb)

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Wang, C., Deng, J., Bagas, L. et al. Origin and classification of the Late Triassic Huaishuping gold deposit in the eastern part of the Qinling-Dabie Orogen, China: implications for gold metallogeny. Miner Deposita 56, 725–742 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-01004-5

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