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Exogenous Glutathione-Mediated Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is Associated with Lower Oxidative Damage and Favorable Ionic Homeostasis

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Abstract

Drought stress is a major concern for current agriculture as it limits plant growth and yield. An experiment was conducted with a drought susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BRRI dhan29) to explore the potential functions and possible mechanisms of exogenous glutathione (GSH)-induced drought stress tolerance. Fifteen-day-old seedlings, GSH-pretreated or non-pretreated (0.2 mM GSH for 72 h), were subjected to PEG-induced (15% polyethylene glycol 6000) drought stress for 4 days. Rice plants exposed to drought stress displayed reduced growth, which was correlated with reduced chlorophyll content, water balance, antioxidant enzymes activities and mineral contents (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+), as evidenced by principle component analysis (PCA) and heatmap clustering. The PCA also revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulations were strongly linked with the declined growth and development of rice plants under drought stress. Importantly, pretreatment with GSH improved the growth responses of rice plants to drought stress. GSH strengthened numerous physio-biochemical processes which were coupled with increased uptake of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, enhanced accumulation of soluble sugars, higher activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Moreover, GSH-pretreated seedlings under drought stress conditions had lower levels of O·−2 , H2O2 and MDA which indicates successful adaptation of rice seedlings to drought stress. The results of PCA strongly supported that GSH conferred drought tolerance mostly by enhancing antioxidant activities and mineral homeostasis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for use of GSH in modulating drought tolerance in rice plants. Breeding strategies should therefore be undertaken to increase the GSH content of rice plants as a means to increase drought tolerance.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the constructive suggestions of Professor Md. Abdul Hannan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, during manuscript preparation. The authors also thankful to Md Kawsar Khan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh for his valuable time for making PCA graph.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh

    Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag, Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif & M. Afzal Hossain

  2. Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh

    Mohammed Arif Sadik Polash

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh

    Md. Belal Chowdhury

  4. Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan

    Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif, Sonya Afrin & Yoshiyuki Murata

  5. Department of Botany, The University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand

    David J. Burritt

  6. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Anwar Hossain

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  1. Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
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  9. M. Afzal Hossain
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Contributions

Conceptualization: MT-U-A, MAH; Methodology: AAMS, MT-U-A; Formal analysis and investigation: AAMS, MT-U-A, MASP, SA; Writing-original draft preparation: AAMS, MBC; Writing-review and editing: MT-U-A, DJB, YM, MAH; Funding acquisition: MAH, MT-U-A; Resources: MT-U-A; Supervision: MT-U-A.

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Correspondence to Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif or Mohammad Anwar Hossain.

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Sohag, A.A.M., Tahjib-Ul-Arif, M., Polash, M.A.S. et al. Exogenous Glutathione-Mediated Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is Associated with Lower Oxidative Damage and Favorable Ionic Homeostasis. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 44, 955–971 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-020-00917-0

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