Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimizing the catalytic performance of Ni-Ce/HZSM-5 catalyst for enriched C6–C8 hydrocarbons in pyrolysis oil via response surface methodology

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the C6–C8 hydrocarbons in pyrolysis oil from catalytic upgrading of biomass-derived oxygenated pyrolysis vapour over the Ni-Ce/HZSM-5 catalyst via Box-Behnken design. The effect of operating factors such as pyrolysis reaction temperature, catalyst to biomass mass ratio, and nickel to cerium mass ratio on HZSM-5 was employed via in situ fixed bed reactor. The ANOVA results showed that the operating factors significantly affect the total contents of C6–C8 hydrocarbons in pyrolysis oil. The optimal conditions of factors within this study for the maximum contents of C6–C8 hydrocarbons in pyrolysis oil is attainable at a pyrolysis reaction temperature of 505 °C, catalyst to biomass mass ratio of 1.1:1.0, and nickel to cerium mass ratio of 3.14:2.86. The confirmation runs gave 8.83% and 8.86% of C6–C8 hydrocarbon contents (%) in pyrolysis oil compared with 8.90% of predicted value. The developed quadratic mathematical model is significant due to the P value < 0.05. In addition, all three factors individually influence the upgrading of oxygenated compounds into C6–C8 hydrocarbons due to P value < 0.05. The pyrolysis reaction temperature had the strongest effect on the content of C6–C8 hydrocarbons in pyrolysis oil due to higher F value than other factors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Escola JM, Aguado J, Serrano DP, Briones L, Díaz de Tuesta JL, Calvo R, Fernandez E (2012) Conversion of polyethylene into transportation fuels by the combination of thermal cracking and catalytic hydroreforming over Ni-supported hierarchical beta zeolite. Energy Fuel 26:3187–3195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Zheng A, Zhao Z, Chang S, Huang Z, Wu H, Wang X, He F, Li H (2014) Effect of crystal size of ZSM-5 on the aromatic yield and selectivity from catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass. J Mol Catal A Chem 383–384:23–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Li G, Yan L, Zhao R, Li F (2014) Improving aromatic hydrocarbons yield from coal pyrolysis volatile products over HZSM-5 and Mo-modified HZSM-5. Fuel 130:154–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Shafie SM, Mahlia TMI, Masjuki HH, Ahmad-Yazid A (2012) A review on electricity generation based on biomass residue in Malaysia. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16(8):5879–5889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kantarelis E, Yang W, Blasiak W (2013) Effects of silica-supported nickel and vanadium on liquid products of catalytic steam pyrolysis of biomass. Energy Fuel 28:591–599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Awalludin AF, Sulaiman O, Hashim R, Nadhari WNAW (2015) An overview of the oil palm industry in Malaysia and its waste utilization through thermochemical conversion, specifically via liquefaction. Renew Sust Energ Rev 50:1469–1484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Liang J Jr, Morgan HM, Liu Y, Shi A, Lei H, Mao H, Bu Q (2017) Enhancement of bio-oil yield and selectivity and kinetic study of catalytic pyrolysis of rice straw over transition metal modified ZSM-5 catalyst. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 128:324–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Collard F, Blin J (2014) A review on pyrolysis of biomass constituents: mechanism and composition of the products obtained from the conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Renew Sust Energ Rev 38:294–608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jayaraman K, Gökalp I (2015) Pyrolysis, combustion and gasification characteristics of miscanthus and sewage sludge. Energy Convers Manag 89:83–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Pogaku R, Hardinge BS, Vuthaluru H, Amir HA (2016) Production of bio-oil from oil palm empty fruit bunch by catalytic fast pyrolysis: a review. Biofuels 6:647–660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chaturvedi V, Verma P (2013) An overview of key pretreatment processes employed for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and value added products. 3 Biotech 3(5):415–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Galadima A, Muraza O (2015) In situ fast pyrolysis of biomass with zeolite catalysts for bioaromatics/gasoline production: a review. Energy Convers Manag 105:338–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Sun L, Zhang X, Chen L, Zhao B, Yang S, Xie X (2016) Comparison of catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass to aromatic hydrocarbons over ZSM-5 and Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 121:342–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang L, Liu R, Yin R, Mei Y (2013) Upgrading of bio-oil from biomass fast pyrolysis in China: a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 24:66–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Rezaei PS, Shafaghat H, Daud WMAW (2014) Production of green aromatics and olefins by catalytic cracking of oxygenate compounds derived from biomass pyrolysis: a review. Appl Catal A Gen 469:490–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang Y, He T, Liu K, Wu J, Fang Y (2012) From biomass to advanced bio-fuel by catalytic pyrolysis/hydro-processing: hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil derived from biomass catalytic pyrolysis. Bioresour Technol 108:280–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Mihalcik DJ, Mullen CA, Boateng AA (2011) Screening acidic zeolites for catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass and its components. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 92:224–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rahimi N, Karimzadeh R (2011) Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons over modified ZSM-5 zeolites to produce light olefins: a review. Appl Catal A Gen 398:1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang S, Zhou Y, Liang T, Guo X (2013) Catalytic pyrolysis of mannose as a model compounds of hemicellulose over zeolites. Biomass Bioenergy 57:106–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang F, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Yang X, Xu G, Kang J, Liu C, Zheng Z (2017) Optimizing catalytic pyrolysis of rubber seed oil for light aromatics and anti-deactivation of HZSM-5. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 126:180–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Balasundram V, Zaman KK, Ibrahim N, Kasmani RM, Isha R, Hamid MKA, Hasrinah H (2020) Thermogravimetric kinetics of catalytic pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse over nickel-cerium/HZSM-5 catalyst. J Adv Res Mater Sci 64(1):1–17

    Google Scholar 

  22. Balasundram V, Zaman KK, Ibrahim N, Kasmani RM, Isha R, Hamid MKA, Hasbullah H (2018) Catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapours over metal modified HZSM-5 via in-situ pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: effect of nickel to cerium ratio on HZSM-5. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 134:309–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Jung KA, Nam CW, Woo SH, Park JM (2016) Response surface method for optimization of phenolic compounds production by lignin pyrolysis. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 120:409–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Fan Y, Cai Y, Li X, Yu N, Yin H (2014) Catalytic upgrading of pyrolytic vapors from the vacuum pyrolysis of rape straw over nanocrystalline HZSM-5 zeolite in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 108:185–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Shen D, Jin W, Hu J, Xiao R, Luo K (2015) An overview on fast pyrolysis of the main constituents in lignocellulosic biomass to valued-added chemicals: structures, pathways and interactions. Renew Sust Energ Rev 51:761–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Vichaphund S, Aht-ong D, Sricharoenchaikul V, Atong D (2014) Catalytic upgrading pyrolysis vapors Jatropha waste using metal promoted ZSM-5 catalysts: an analytical PY-GC/MS. Renew Energy 65:70–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Stefanidis SD, Kalogiannis KG, Iliopoulou EF, Michailof CM, Pilavachi PA, Lappas AA (2014) A study of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis via the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 105:143–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Shen D, Zhao J, Xiao R, Gu S (2015) Production of aromatic monomers from catalytic pyrolysis of black-liquor lignin. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 111:47–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bi J, Liu M, Song C, Wang X, Guo X (2011) C2-C4 light olefins from bioethanol catalyzed by Ce-modified nanocrystalline HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts. Appl Catal B Environ 107(1–2):68–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Omar WNNW, Amin NAS (2011) Optimization of heterogeneous biodiesel production from waste cooking palm oil via response surface methodology. Biomass Bioenergy 35:1329–1338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. White JE, Catallo WJ, Legendre BL (2011) Biomass pyrolysis kinetics: a comparative critical review with relevant agricultural residue case studies. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 91:1–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Botas JA, Serrano DP, Carcía A, de Vicente J, Ramos R (2012) Catalytic conversion of rapeseed oil into raw chemicals and fueld over Ni- and Mo-modified nanocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolite. Catal Today 195(1):59–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial supports by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) of Malaysia (Q.J130000.2546.20H18, R.J130000.7842.4F654, and Q.J130000.2546.14H48).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Energy Conversions and Applications (ChECA) Research Group, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Vekes Balasundram

  2. Energy Management Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Khairunnisa Kamarul Zaman, Norazana Ibrahim & Rafiziana Md. Kasmani

  3. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

    Ruzinah Isha

  4. School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Mohd. Kamaruddin Abd. Hamid & Hasrinah Hasbullah

Authors
  1. Vekes Balasundram
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Khairunnisa Kamarul Zaman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Norazana Ibrahim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rafiziana Md. Kasmani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ruzinah Isha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mohd. Kamaruddin Abd. Hamid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hasrinah Hasbullah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Norazana Ibrahim.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOCX 169 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Balasundram, V., Zaman, K.K., Ibrahim, N. et al. Optimizing the catalytic performance of Ni-Ce/HZSM-5 catalyst for enriched C6–C8 hydrocarbons in pyrolysis oil via response surface methodology. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 8603–8613 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00873-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00873-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation