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Wetting-drying cycles during a rice-wheat crop rotation rapidly (im)mobilize recalcitrant soil phosphorus

  • Soils, Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

The residual phosphorus (P) in Hedley’s sequential fractionation procedure is considered to be a relatively stable soil P pool and unavailable for plant uptake. In the present study, we investigated the effect of wetting-drying events on the dynamics of the residual soil P fraction in a flooded rice and aerobic wheat rotation.

Methods

Soils were taken from a long-term field trial after flooded (rice), and aerobic (wheat) crops were harvested. Hedley’s sequential fractionation method was used to assess the distribution of various P fractions. These changes in these P fractions were then related to Fe cycling in the soil.

Results

The residual P (H2SO4-H2O2 digested) was the dominant P fraction (37–51% of total P) in the aerobic soil under wheat, while it was decreased by 18–27% in flooded soil under rice cultivation. In contrast, the sparingly soluble Ca-bound P (HCl-Pi) increased from 25–31% under wheat cultivation to 41–50% under flooded rice (paddy) cultivation where reducing conditions are expected to prevail under submerged paddy soil conditions. The crop rotation not only altered the sparingly available P fraction but also influenced soil labile P, especially the organic P form. Compared with the rice soil, a 4-fold increase in the labile P fraction (NaHCO3-Po) was observed in wheat soil. The moderately labile P fraction (NaOH-extractable) showed a similar trend to that of labile P pool, but the increased NaOH-Po in wheat soil was relatively small. The relatively rapid change in the residual P fraction was attributed to oxidation-reduction cycles of Fe oxides between flooded (rice) and aerobic (wheat) soil conditions.

Conclusions

Wetting and drying cycles associated with a rice-wheat crop rotation promoted the transformation of the sparingly soluble soil P fraction between crops, which was attributed to changes in soil redox conditions, particularly Fe cycling. This indicated that the rice-wheat crop rotation can draw upon the sparingly soluble P fraction for crop production, thus relying less on fertilizer-applied P.

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Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21876027) and the Special Fund for the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Foshan, China (1920001000083). We thank Zuxiang Xu for technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, 528000, Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoli Xu & Hailong Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoli Xu, Kouping Lu & Hailong Wang

  3. Zhejiang Ecopro Biotechnology Co. Ltd., 314100, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoli Xu

  4. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Xiali Mao

  5. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW, 2477, Australia

    Lukas Van Zwieten

  6. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Nabeel Khan Niazi

  7. Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

    Nanthi S. Bolan

  8. Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

    Nanthi S. Bolan

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  1. Xiaoli Xu
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  2. Xiali Mao
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  3. Lukas Van Zwieten
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  7. Hailong Wang
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Correspondence to Hailong Wang.

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Xu, X., Mao, X., Van Zwieten, L. et al. Wetting-drying cycles during a rice-wheat crop rotation rapidly (im)mobilize recalcitrant soil phosphorus. J Soils Sediments 20, 3921–3930 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02712-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02712-1

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