Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of infilling and replenishment of river sand mining pits

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rivers are one of the main sources to supply sand and gravel for construction projects. Depending on river morphology and hydraulic characteristics, its sediment transport capacity, and mining operation method, the extraction of river bed materials may affect its ecosystem through bank and bed erosion. To advance the mechanisms of river pit infilling, the effects of various parameters (i.e., the distance between pits, the pit plan shape, the pit depth, sediment size, and approaching flow velocity) on pit infilling volume are investigated in this research. The results of this research show that infilling volume of upstream pit is insignificantly affected by the distance between the pits, and it is completely refilled for different distances. However, the infilling volume of downstream pit decreases by increasing the distance between the pits. In addition, by reducing the ratio of pit length to its width (pit shape extension in spanwise direction), the pits can be excavated in a shorter distance from each other; when this ratio decreases by 15%, the infilling volume increases up to 30%. Subsequently, as a cost-effective option, the pit distance can be reduced up to 50% in these conditions. According to the obtained results, although the sediment size has negligible effect on infilling volume in the studied range, the infilling volume increases up to 20% by an increase of 8% in the approaching flow velocity. Increasing the ratio of pit length to its width (pit shape extension in streamwise direction) highlights the effectiveness of smaller depths, so that the infilling volume increases up to 20% by a decrease of 20% in the pit depth. In this regard, it is recommended that the pit depth be restricted to 70% of the channel flow depth to have a complete pit refilling.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

(Photos from www.magzter.com)

Fig. 22

(Photos from www.kroeger-greifertechnik.de)

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ambak MA, Zakaria MZ (2010) Freshwater fish diversity in Sungai Kelantan. J Sustain Sci Manag 5(1):13–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashraf MA, Jamil MM, Yusoff I, Wajid A, Mahmood K (2011) Sand mining effects, causes and concerns: a case study from Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Sci Res Essays 6(6):1216–1231

    Google Scholar 

  • Barman B, Sharma A, Kumar B, Sarma AK (2017) Multiscale characterization of migrating sand wave in mining induced alluvial channel. Ecol Eng 102:199–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Barman B, Kumar B, Sarma AK (2018) Turbulent flow structures and geomorphic characteristics of a mining affected alluvial channel. Earth Surf Proc Land 43(9):1811–1824

    Google Scholar 

  • Batalla RJ (2003) Sediment deficit in rivers caused by dams and instream gravel mining. A review with examples from NE Spain. Cuaternario y Geomorfología 17(2):79–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayram A, Önsoy H (2015) Sand and gravel mining impact on the surface water quality: a case study from the city of Tirebolu (Giresun Province, NE Turkey). Environ Earth Sci 73(5):1997–2011

    Google Scholar 

  • Calle M, Alho P, Benito G (2017) Channel dynamics and geomorphic resilience in an ephemeral Mediterranean river affected by gravel mining. Geomorphology 285:333–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen D (2011) Modeling channel response to instream gravel mining. Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen D, Liu M (2009) One-and two-dimensional modeling of deep gravel mining in the Rio Salado. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, Kansas City

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen D, Acharya K, Stone M (2010) Sensitivity analysis of nonequilibrium adaptation parameters for modeling mining-pit migration. J Hydraul Eng 136(10):806–811

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins BD, Dunne T (1989) Gravel transport, gravel harvesting, and channel-bed degradation in rivers draining the southern Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA. Environ Geol Water Sci 13(3):213–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Erskine WD (1990) Environmental impacts of sand and gravel extraction on river systems. The Brisbane River. Australian Littoral Society, Moorooka

    Google Scholar 

  • Erskine WD, Geary PM, Outhet DN (1985) Potential impacts of sand and gravel extraction on the Hunter River, New South Wales. Aust Geogr Stud 23(1):71–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson RI, Church M, Rennie CD, Venditti JG (2015) Reconstructing a sediment pulse: modeling the effect of placer mining on Fraser River, Canada. J Geophys Res Earth Surf 120(7):1436–1454

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbrecht J, Kuhnle R, Alonso C (1995) A sediment transport capacity formulation for application to large channel networks. J Soil Water Conserv 50(5):527–529

    Google Scholar 

  • Haghnazar H, Saneie M (2019) Impacts of pit distance and location on river sand mining management. Model Earth Syst Environ 5(4):1463–1472

    Google Scholar 

  • Jang C, Shimizu Y, Lee GH (2015) Numerical simulation of the fluvial processes in the channels by sediment mining. KSCE J Civ Eng 19(3):771–778

    Google Scholar 

  • Kondolf GM (1997) PROFILE: hungry water: effects of dams and gravel mining on river channels. Environ Manag 21(4):533–551

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee HY, Fu DT, Song MH (1993) Migration of rectangular mining pit composed of uniform sediment. J Hydraul Eng 119(1):64–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Qi M, Jin Y (2013) Experimental and numerical investigation of riverbed evolution in post-damaged conditions. In: The 35th World Congress of the International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research. Chengdu, Sichuan, China, pp 4798–4809

  • Marston RA, Bravard JP, Green T (2003) Impacts of reforestation and gravel mining on the Malnant River, Haute-Savoie, French Alps. Geomorphology 55:65–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Padmalal D, Maya K (2014) Sand mining: environmental impacts and selected case studies. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Padmalal D, Maya K, Sreebha S, Sreeja R (2008) Environmental effects of river sand mining: a case from the river catchments of Vembanad lake, Southwest coast of India. Environ Geol 54:879–889

    Google Scholar 

  • Papanicolaou ATN, Elhakeem M, Krallis G, Prakash S, Edinger J (2008) Sediment transport modeling review—current and future developments. J Hydraul Eng 134(1):1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Plesiński K, Radecki-Pawlik A, Wyżga B (2015) Sediment transport processes related to the operation of a rapid hydraulic structure (Boulder Ramp) in a Mountain Stream Channel: a polish carpathian example. In: Heininger P, Cullmann J (eds) Sediment matters. Springer, Cham, pp 39–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Proffitt GT, Sutherland AJ (1983) Transport of non-uniform sediments. J Hydraul Res 21(1):33–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Rinaldi M (2003) Recent channel adjustments in alluvial rivers of Tuscany, Central Italy. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. J Br Geomorphol Res Group 28(6):587–608

    Google Scholar 

  • Rinaldi M, Simon A (1998) Bed-level adjustments in the Arno River, central Italy. Geomorphology 22(1):57–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Salehi Neishabouri SAA, Farhadzadeh A, Amini A (2002) Experimental and field study on mining–pit migration. Int J Sediment Res 17(4):323–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Sangsefidi Y, MacVicar B, Ghodsian M, Mehraein M, Torabi M, Savage BM (2019) Evaluation of flow characteristics in labyrinth weirs using response surface methodology. Flow Meas Instrum 69:101617

    Google Scholar 

  • Sangsefidi Y, Torabi M, Tavakol-Davani H (2020) Discussion on “Laboratory investigation of the discharge coefficient of flow in arced labyrinth weirs with triangular plans” by Monjezi et al. (2018). Flow Meas Instrum 72:101709

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott SH, Jia Y (2005) Simulation of sediment transport and channel morphology change in large river systems. US–China workshop on advanced computational modeling in hydro science and engineering. The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA, pp 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Sreebha S, Padmalal D (2011) Environmental impact assessment of sand mining from the small catchment rivers in the southwestern coast of India: a case study. Environ Manag 47(1):130–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Strickler A (1923). (Roesgan, T., and Brownie, W. R., trans. 1981) Contributions to the Question of a Velocity Formula and Roughness Data for Streams, Channels and Closed Pipelines. Pasadena: W. M. Keck Lab of Hydraulics and Water Resources, California Institute of Technology

  • Sunilkumar R (2002) Impact of sand mining on benthic fauna: a case study from Achankovil river—an overview. Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta, p 38

    Google Scholar 

  • Surian N, Rinaldi M (2003) Morphological response to river engineering and management in alluvial channels in Italy. Geomorphology 50(4):307–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu W (2001) “CCHE2D Sediment Transport Model” Technical Report No. NCCHE-TR-2001-3, School of Engineering, The University of Mississippi

  • Wu W, Vieira DA (2002) One-dimensional channel network model CCHE1D version 3.0–technical manual. National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering Technical Report No. NCCHE-TR-2002-02

  • Wu W, Wang SS, Jia Y (2000) Nonuniform sediment transport in alluvial rivers. J Hydraul Res 38(6):427–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuill BT, Gaweesh A, Allison MA, Meselhe EA (2016) Morphodynamic evolution of a lower Mississippi River channel bar after sand mining. Earth Surf Proc Land 41(4):526–542

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y (2005) CCHE2D-GUI–graphical user interface for the CCHE2D model user’s manual–version 2.2. National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering, Mississippi, USA

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

    Hamed Haghnazar

  2. Urban Water Group, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA

    Yousef Sangsefidi & Hassan Tavakol-Davani

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

    Mojtaba Mehraein

Authors
  1. Hamed Haghnazar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yousef Sangsefidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mojtaba Mehraein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hassan Tavakol-Davani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mojtaba Mehraein.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Haghnazar, H., Sangsefidi, Y., Mehraein, M. et al. Evaluation of infilling and replenishment of river sand mining pits. Environ Earth Sci 79, 362 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09106-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09106-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation