Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of black cumin seed oil (BCSO) on the growth metrics, innate immunity and resistance against Pseudomonas fluorescens infection in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. This was done by conducting a feeding trial experiment on the fish. A total of four diets (protein, 35.99 ± 0.16%; lipid, 9.86 ± 0.06%) varying in their BCSO ration (w/w; 0% (control), 1%, 2% or 4%) were formulated. A total of 180 fish (25.6 ± 2.2 g fish─1) were allocated to four experimental groups with three replicates (twelve 150-L glass-tanks; fifteen fish tank─1). Each fish group was fed thrice a day (8:00, 12:00 and 16:00 h) with one of the four diets at 3.5% of their body weight for 28 days. Following day 7, 14 and 28 of the feeding trial, the growth metrics (i.e. weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR)) were measured based on bulk weight of the fish tank─1, and the immune parameters (i.e. serum-bactericidal activity (SBA), respiratory burst activity (RBA) and phagocytic activity (PA)) were examined by analysing blood collected from a randomly selected representative fish tank─1. Following the feeding trial course, the fish were injected with P. fluorescens at day 29 and the cumulative mortality was recorded until day 30 post-injection. Obtained results did not show any suppressive effect of BCSO on growth, and showed positive effects on examined immune parameters and survival of all the BCSO-fed fish groups, with best results in 2% BCSO-fed group. At the end of the feeding trial (day 28), SBA, PA and RBA in 2% BCSO-fed fish were increased by 3.66-, 1.94- and 2.85-fold, respectively, when compared to the control. In the same group of fish, the maximum significant (P < 0.05) reduction of post-challenge cumulative mortality (43.33%) was recorded when the mortality was 100% in the control group. Accordingly, this study suggests the dietary inclusion of BCSO at 2% towards controlling P. fluorescens infection in O. niloticus.
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The authors would like to express their gratitude to the members and students of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh, for their cordial assistance to this experiment. The authors would also like to thank the members and students of other departments who were indirectly associated with the experiment. The authors are also grateful to the Nutrition and Food Institute of the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, for supplying the bacterial strain for the experiment.
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Dr. Md. Mer Mosharraf Hossain and Bipul Kumar Dey designed the study, and Bipul Kumar Dey conducted the experiments, analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. Md. Eftakher Alam was actively associated with experimental works and data processing. The authors would like to thank everyone who was indirectly associated with this work. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Dey, B.K., Hossain, M.M.M. & Alam, M.E. Effect of black cumin seed oil on growth, innate immunity and resistance against Pseudomonas fluorescens infection in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquacult Int 28, 1485–1499 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00539-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00539-8