Abstract—
Gonadal structure, cytological condition of oocytes, ultrastructure of egg envelope, and spermatozoa morphology are studied in the individuals of Inimicus sinensis 120–230 mm TL with the gonads mainly at maturity stage IV. The males possess hypertrophied urinary bladders. Based on oocytes’ size distribution in the ovaries, the oogenesis is continuous and the spawning is multiple. Oocytes of the maturation period are 600–700 µm in diameter. The batch fecundity is 15 380 oocytes on average. The zona radiata of oocytes that have completed growth is 10.2 µm in width on average and it consists of two layers. The narrow outermost layer of the egg envelope approximately 0.34 µm width is most likely chorion. Spermatozoon ultrastructure of I. sinensis does not notably differ from that in other representatives of the suborder Scorpaenoidei with external insemination. The centriolar complex is characterized by orthogonal position of centrioles. Based on ovarian structure, the representatives of the genus Inimicus do not differ from the majority of teleost fishes and viviparous species of the genera Sebastes and Sebastiscus. However, many representatives of the suborder Scorpaenoidei have unique ovarian structure with the central ovigerous stroma attached to the anterior part of the ovary. Based on the current phylogenetic schemes, this ovarian type evolved independently in several evolutionary lineages.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Chernyaev, Zh.A., Morphoecological features of reproduction and development of Paracottus (Leocottus) kessleri (Dyb.) from Lake Baikal, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1977, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1055–1069.
Chernyaev, Zh.A., Reproduction and development of bighead sculpin Batrachocottus baicalensis (Dyb.) from Lake Baikal, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1979, vol. 19, no. 6 (119), pp. 1053–1067.
Emel’yanova, N.G. and Pavlov, D.A., From Oocyte to Larva: Hormonal Induction of Oocyte Maturation and Initial Development of Ornamental Coral Reef Fishes, Moscow: KMK, 2012.
Emel’yanova, N.G. and Pavlov, D.A., Gamete ultrastructure in two species of the genus Upeneus (Mullidae) from the South China Sea, J. Ichthyol., 2014, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 286–292. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945214030023
Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References, Version 05/2019, Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W.N., and van der Laan, R., Eds., 2019. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp.
FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific, Vol. 4: Bony Fishes, Part 2: Mugilidae to Carangidae, Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H., Eds., Rome: UN Food Agric. Org., 1999, pp. 2069–2790.
Fewings, D.G. and Squire, L.C., Notes on the reproduction in estuarine stonefish Synanceia horrida, SPC Live Reef Fish Info.Bull., 1999, vol. 5, pp. 31–33.
FishBase, Version 04/2019, Froese R. and Pauly D., Eds., 2019. http://www.fishbase.org.
Fishelson, L., Ethology and reproduction of pteroid fishes found in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), especially Dendrochirus brachypterus (Cuvier), (Pteroidae, Teleostei), Pubbl. Stn. Zool. Napoli, 1975, vol. 39, pp. 635–656.
Gosline, W.A., Function and structure in the paired fins of scorpaenifom fishes, Environ. Biol. Fish., 1994, vol. 40, pp. 219–226.
Hirata, H., Niiro, M., Ishibashi, Y., et al., Diurnal changes of oxygen consumption in devil stinger Inimicus japonicus,Suisanzoshoku, 2001, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 469–474.
Imamura, H., Phylogenetic relationships and new classification of the superfamily Scorpaenoidea (Actinopterygii: Perciformes), Species Diversity, 2004, vol. 9, pp. 1–36.
Koya, Y. and Muñoz, M., Comparative study on ovarian structures in scorpaenids: possible evolutional process of reproductive mode, Ichthyol. Res., 2007, vol. 54, pp. 221–230.
Koya, Y., Munehara, H., and Takano, K., Secretion abilities of epithelia of ovarian wall and ovigerous lamella lining the ovarian cavity of masked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammus,Jpn. J. Ichtyol., 1993, vol. 40, pp. 199–208.
Kwik, J.T.B., The biology and ecology of small tropical scorpaenoids inhabiting shallow coastal habitats in Singapore, PhD Thesis, Singapore: Natl. Univ. Singapore, 2011. http://scholarbank.nus.sg/handle/10635/31654.
Liu, Z.Y. and Quan, H.F., Research on the technique for artificial breeding of Inimicus japonicus,J. Shanghai Fish. Univ., 2005, vol. 14, pp. 30–34.
Mattei, X., Spermatozoon ultrastructure and its systematic implication in fishes, Can. J. Zool., 1991, vol. 69, pp. 3038–3055.
McMillan, D.B., Fish Histology. Female Reproductive System, Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag, 2007.
Moser, H.G., Reproduction and development of Sebastodes paucispinis and comparison with other rock fishes of Southern California, Copeia, 1967, no. 4, pp. 773–797.
Moyer, J.T. and Zaiser, M.J., Social organization and spawning behavior of the Pteroine fish Dendrochirus zebra at Miyake-Jima, Japan, Jpn. J. Ichthyol., 1981, vol. 28, pp. 52–69.
Nozaki, R., Takushima, M., Mizuno, K., et al., Reproductive cycle of devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus,Fish Physiol. Biochem., 2003, vol. 28, pp. 217–218.
Pavlov, D.A. and Emel’yanova, N.G., Features of reproductive biology in two tropical fish species from the family Scorpaenidae, J. Ichthyol., 2007, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 353–365.
Pavlov, D.A. and Emel’yanova, N.G., Reproductive biology of species from the family Scorpaenidae and transition from oviparity to viviparity in the southern and northern Percomorpha, in Viviparous Fishes II, Uribe, M.C. and Grier, H.J., Eds., Homestead, FL: New Life, 2010, pp. 89–105.
Pavlov, D.A. and Emel’yanova, N.G., Transition to viviparity in the order Scorpaeniformes: brief review, J. Ichthyol., 2013, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 52–69. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945213010116
Pavlov, D.A. and Emel’yanova, N.G., Comparative analysis of spermatozoa morphology in three fish species from the suborder Scorpaenoidei, J. Ichthyol., 2018, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 226–238. https://doi.org/10.1134/S003294521802011X
Pavlov, D.A. and Emel’yanova, N.G., Biological characteristics of Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier, 1829) (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) from Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea, Russ. J. Mar. Biol., 2019, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106307401902010X
Roskin, G.I. and Levinson, L.B., Mikroskopicheskaya tekhnika (Methods of Microscopy), Moscow: Sovetskaya Nauka, 1957.
Santhanam, R., Biology and Ecology of Venomous Marine Scorpionfishes, London: Academic, 2019.
Scott, M., Speak of the devil: fish of the genus Inimicus, SeaScope, 2001, vol. 18, pp. 1, 3.
Shadrin, A.M. and Emel’yanova, N.G., Embryonic and larval development and some reproductive-biology features of Dendrochirus zebra (Scorpaenidae), J. Ichthyol., 2019, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 38–51. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945219010156
Shadrin, A.M., Pavlov, D.S., Astakhov, D.A., and Novikov, G.G., Atlas ikry i lichinok ryb pribrezhnykh vod Yuzhnogo V’etnama (Atlas of Fish Eggs and Larvae from Coastal Waters of Southern Vietnam), Moscow: GEOS, 2003.
Smith, W.L. and Wheeler, W.C., Polyphyly of the mail-cheeked fishes (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes): evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2004, vol. 32, pp. 627–646.
Smith, W.L., Everman, E., and Richardson, C., Phylogeny and taxonomy of flatheads, scorpionfishes, sea robins, and stonefishes (Percomorpha: Scorpaeniformes) and the evolution of the lachrymal saber, Copeia, 2018, vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 94–119. https://doi.org/10.1643/CG-17-669
Soin, S.G. and Chepurnov, V.A., Structural features of accessory structures of the urogenital system of some marine fishes, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1986, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 726–733.
Sparre, P. and Venema, C.S., Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment, Part 1: Manual, Rome: UN Food Agric. Org., 1998.
Vila, S., Sàbat, M., Muñoz, M., and Casadevall, M., Spermiogenesis particularities of a sperm storage species: Helicolenus dactylopterus (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae), Sci. Mar., 2010, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 687–704. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74n4697
Wang, Y., Li, L., Cui, G., and Lu, W., Ontogenesis from embryo to juvenile and salinity tolerance of Japanese devil stinger Inimicus japonicus during early life stage, SpringerPlus, 2013, vol. 2, no. 289, pp. 1–13.
Watanabe, K., Maturation of wild and reared female devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus,Aquacult. Sci., 2006, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 495–503.
Watanabe, K., Maturation of reared male devil stinger Inimicus japonicus,Aquacult. Sci., 2012, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 227–232.
Weakley, B.S., Beginner’s Handbook in Biological Electron Microscopy, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1972.
Wourms, J.P., Reproduction and development of Sebastes in the context of the evolution of piscine viviparity, Environ. Biol. Fish., 1991, vol. 30, pp. 111–126.
Yoneda, M., Tokimura, M., Fujita, H., et al., Ovarian structure and batch fecundity in Lophiomus setigerus,J. Fish Biol., 1998, vol. 52, pp. 94–106.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Vo Thi Ha and Dinh Thị Hai Yen (Coastal Department of the Russian–Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center) for help in collection of the material.
Funding
The study was carried out with financial support from the Russian–Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Statement on the welfare of animals. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.
Additional information
Translated by D. Pavlov
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Emel’yanova, N.G., Pavlov, D.A. Some Data on Reproductive Biology of Spotted Ghoul Inimicus sinensis (Synanceiidae). J. Ichthyol. 60, 453–461 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945220030078
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945220030078