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A survey of sentiment analysis in the Portuguese language

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Abstract

Sentiment analysis is an area of study that aims to develop computational methods and tools to extract and classify the opinions and emotions expressed by people on social networks, blogs, forums, online shoppings, and others. A lot of research has been developed addressing opinions expressed in the English language. However, studies involving the Portuguese language still need to be advanced to make better use of the specificities of the language. This paper aims to survey the efforts made specifically to address sentiment analysis in the Portuguese language. It categorizes and describes state of the art works involving approaches to each of the tasks of sentiment analysis, as well as supporting language resources such as natural language processing tools, lexicons, corpora, ontologies, and datasets.

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Notes

  1. https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm.

  2. Portuguese is an official language in Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Macau, Mozambique, Portugal, and São Tomé and Príncipe.

  3. https://www.tripadvisor.com.br/Restaurant_Review-g2572086-d6369228-Reviews-Padaria_5_Estrelas-Guara_Federal_District.html.

  4. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20181211-why-emoji-mean-different-things-in-different-cultures.

  5. http://www.cis.uni-muenchen.de/~schmid/tools/TreeTagger/.

  6. http://visl.sdu.dk/visl/pt/parsing/automatic/.

  7. http://comunidade.cogroo.org/grammar.

  8. http://nlx.di.fc.ul.pt/tools.html.

  9. http://aelius.sourceforge.net/.

  10. http://nlp.lsi.upc.edu/freeling/.

  11. https://github.com/erickrf/nlpnet.

  12. https://gramatica.usc.es/pln/tools/CitiusTools.html.

  13. https://spacy.io/.

  14. http://www.nltk.org/.

  15. https://stanfordnlp.github.io/stanfordnlp/.

  16. https://stanfordnlp.github.io/stanfordnlp/models.html#downloading-and-using-models.

  17. https://www.inf.pucrs.br/linatural/wordpress/recursos-e-ferramentas/oplexicon/.

  18. http://www.nilc.icmc.usp.br/portlex/index.php/pt/projetos/liwc.

  19. http://dmir.inesc-id.pt/project/SentiLex-PT_02.

  20. http://ontopt.dei.uc.pt/.

  21. https://www.linguateca.pt/Repositorio/ReLi/.

  22. http://sentistrength.wlv.ac.uk/.

  23. http://www.linguateca.pt/Repositorio/ReLi/.

  24. http://www.inf.pucrs.br/linatural/wordpress/index.php/recursos-e-ferramentas/tripadvisor/.

  25. http://sites.labic.icmc.usp.br/OpinionMeter2016/#dataset.

  26. https://sites.google.com/icmc.usp.br/opinando/.

  27. https://homepages.dcc.ufmg.br/~fabricio/sentiment-languages-dataset/index.htm.

  28. http://nilc.icmc.usp.br/semanticnlp/LexicalNormalization.

  29. http://www.inf.pucrs.br/linatural/blogset-br.

  30. http://ontolp.inf.pucrs.br/index.php.

  31. https://github.com/francielleavargas/Aspect-based-Opinion-Mining.

  32. http://ontolp.inf.pucrs.br/Recursos/downloads-Hontology.php.

  33. https://sentic.net/.

  34. http://nilc.icmc.usp.br/embeddings.

  35. http://nilc.icmc.usp.br/.

  36. http://www.inf.pucrs.br/linatural/wordpress/.

  37. https://www.linguateca.pt/.

  38. https://sites.google.com/icmc.usp.br/opinando/.

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Acknowledgements

I thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved the final version of the article. This work was partially supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq) and the Minas Gerais Research Support Foundation (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais—FAPEMIG).

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  1. Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, Lavras, 37.200-900, Brazil

    Denilson Alves Pereira

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Correspondence to Denilson Alves Pereira.

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Pereira, D.A. A survey of sentiment analysis in the Portuguese language. Artif Intell Rev 54, 1087–1115 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-020-09870-1

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