ReviewRegulatory noncoding RNAs and the major histocompatibility complex
Section snippets
Introduction:
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) locus is home to more than 200 genes and is one of the most gene-rich and sequence-variable regions of the human genome. The MHC is located on the short arm of chromosome 6 and encodes a large number of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity [1]. The 4 Mbp genomic region which encodes the MHC contains the highest density of disease/trait associated variants among all regions of similar size in the human genome [1]. Recent research suggests
MHC derived long noncoding RNAs
Among a number of functionalities, ranging from well-understood to unknown, noncoding regions may code for RNAs, such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). lncRNAs are non–protein-coding transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides. It is estimated that human DNA encodes more than 30,000 different lncRNAs, which may arise as antisense transcripts complementary to coding genes or from intergenic regions, introns or pseudogenes [4], [5].
Therefore, lncRNAs can be classified as
Conclusion
MHC biology and its impact on human physiology have long been widely recognized. However, the discovery that MHC non-coding regions may also play important roles in physiology and disease pathways has only been recently recognized. Despite recent reports indicating the considerable importance of MHC-derived lncRNAs and miRNAs, the full significance of MHC non-coding RNAs is far from clearly understood. With respect to lncRNAs, we know only that the MHC encodes a large number of such ncRNAs,
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by institutional funds from The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia to D.M.
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