Skip to main content
Log in

An insight into smartphone-based assistive solutions for visually impaired and blind people: issues, challenges and opportunities

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Universal Access in the Information Society Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Blind people are confronting a number of challenges in performing activities of daily life such as reading labels on a product, identification of currency notes, exploring unknown spaces, identifying the appearance of an object of interest, interacting with digital artifacts, operating a smartphone’s user interface and selecting non-visual items on a screen. The emergence of smartphone-based assistive technologies promotes independence, ease of use and usability resulting in improved quality of life yet poses several challenging opportunities. We have reviewed research avenues in smartphone-based assistive technologies for blind people, highlighted the need for technological advancements, accessibility-inclusive interface paradigm, and collaboration between medical specialists, computer professionals, usability experts and domain users to realize the potential of ICT-based interventions for blind people. This paper analyzes a comprehensive review of the issues and challenges for visually impaired and blind people with the aim to highlight the benefits and limitations of the existing techniques and technologies. Future research ventures are also highlighted as a contribution to the field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. https://www.freedomscientific.com.

  2. https://www.gwmicro.com.

  3. https://www.sonicpathfinder.org/.

  4. https://www.googlelabs.com/show_details?app_key=agtnbGFiczIwLXd3d3IVCxIMTGFic0FwcE1vZGVsGIHDtwIM.

  5. https://marinersoftware.deskpro.com/kb/articles/281-what-is-narrator.

  6. https://code.google.com/p/metalmouth/.

  7. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.marvin.talkback&hl=en.

  8. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:mhUrXg4ZEWYJ:www.itu.int/ITU-D/sis/PwDs/Documents/Mobile_Report.pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=pk.

  9. https://www.apple.com/accessibility/osx/voiceover/.

  10. https://www.freedomscientific.com/products/fs/jaws-product-page.asp.

  11. https://www.nvda-project.org/.

  12. https://www.dolphincomputeraccess.com.

  13. https://www.gwmicro.com/Window-Eyes.

  14. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.marvin.talkback&hl=en.

  15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Speak.

  16. https://www.apple.com/accessibility/ios/voiceover/.

References

  1. Carterette, E.C.: Handbook of Perception, vol. 6A. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Binns, A.M., Bunce, C., Dickinson, C., Harper, R., Tudor-Edwards, R., Woodhouse, M., Linck, P., Suttie, A., Jackson, J., Lindsay, J.: How effective is low vision service provision? A systematic review. Surv. Ophthalmol. 57(1), 34–65 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  3. WHO: Visual Impairment and Blindness (2014). https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/

  4. Manduchi, R., Coughlan, J.: (Computer) vision without sight. Commun. ACM 55(1), 96–104 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Terven, J.R., Salas, J., Raducanu, B.: New opportunities for computer vision-based assistive technology systems for the visually impaired. Computer 47(4), 52–58 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kientz, J.A., Patel, S.N., Tyebkhan, A.Z., Gane, B., Wiley, J., Abowd, G.D.: Where's my stuff?: Design and evaluation of a mobile system for locating lost items for the visually impaired. In: Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 103–110. ACM (2006)

  7. Fruchterman, J.R.: In the palm of your hand: a vision of the future of technology for people with visual impairments. J. Vis. Impair. Blind 97(10), 585–591 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  8. McCarthy, J., Wright, P.: Technology as experience. Interactions 11(5), 42–43 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Paek, T., Chickering, D.M.: Improving command and control speech recognition on mobile devices: using predictive user models for language modeling. User Model. User Adapt. Interact. 17(1–2), 93–117 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Brewster, S.: Overcoming the lack of screen space on mobile computers. Pers. Ubiquitous Comput. 6(3), 188–205 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Brewster, S., Chohan, F., Brown, L.: Tactile feedback for mobile interactions. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 159–162. ACM (2007)

  12. Wall, S.A., Brewster, S.A.: Tac-tiles: multimodal pie charts for visually impaired users. In: Proceedings of the 4th Nordic Conference on Human–Computer Interaction: Changing Roles, pp. 9–18. ACM (2006)

  13. Nicolau, H., Montague, K., Guerreiro, T., Rodrigues, A., Hanson, V.L.: HoliBraille: multipoint vibrotactile feedback on mobile devices. In: Proceedings of the 12th Web for All Conference, p. 30. ACM (2015)

  14. Kuber, R., Hastings, A., Tretter, M., Fitzpatrick, D.: Determining the accessibility of mobile screen readers for blind users. In: Proceedings of IASTED HCI (2012)

  15. Hakobyan, L., Lumsden, J., O’Sullivan, D., Bartlett, H.: Mobile assistive technologies for the visually impaired. Surv. Ophthalmol. 58(6), 513–528 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Nah, F.F.-H., Zhang, D., Krogstie, J., Zhao, S.: Editorial of the Special Issue on Mobile Human–Computer Interaction. Taylor & Francis, New York (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Damaceno, R.J.P., Braga, J.C., Mena-Chalco, J.P.: Mobile device accessibility for the visually impaired: problems mapping and recommendations. Univers. Access Inf. Soc. 17, 421–435 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Guerreiro, T., Montague, K., Guerreiro, J., Nunes, R., Nicolau, H., Gonçalves, D.J.: Blind people interacting with large touch surfaces: strategies for one-handed and two-handed exploration. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Interactive Tabletops & Surfaces, pp. 25–34. ACM (2015)

  19. Oliveira, J., Guerreiro, T., Nicolau, H., Jorge, J., Gonçalves, D.: Blind people and mobile touch-based text-entry: acknowledging the need for different flavors. In: The Proceedings of the 13th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 179–186. ACM (2011)

  20. Buzzi, M.C., Buzzi, M., Leporini, B., Trujillo, A.: Analyzing visually impaired people’s touch gestures on smartphones. Multimed. Tools Appl. 76, 5141–5169 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Southern, C., Clawson, J., Frey, B., Abowd, G., Romero, M.: Braille Touch: mobile touchscreen text entry for the visually impaired. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Companion, pp. 155–156. ACM (2012)

  22. Huang, H.: Blind users’ expectations of touch interfaces: factors affecting interface accessibility of touchscreen-based smartphones for people with moderate visual impairment. Univers. Access Inf. Soc. 17, 291–304 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Grussenmeyer, W., Folmer, E.: Accessible touchscreen technology for people with visual impairments: a survey. ACM Trans. Access. Comput: TACCESS 9(2), 6 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Adipat, B., Zhang, D.: Interface design for mobile applications. AMCIS 2005 Proceedings, vol. 494 (2005)

  25. Bhowmick, A., Hazarika, S.M.: An insight into assistive technology for the visually impaired and blind people: state-of-the-art and future trends. J. Multimodal User Interfaces 11(2), 149–172 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hu, M., Chen, Y., Zhai, G., Gao, Z., Fan, L.: An overview of assistive devices for blind and visually impaired people. Int. J. Robot. Autom. 34(5), 580–598 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Darabont, D.C., Badea, D.O., Trifu, A., Fogarassy, P.: The impact of new assistive technologies on specific occupational risks for blind and visual impaired peoples. In: MATEC Web of Conferences, p. 00079. EDP Sciences (2020)

  28. Abdolrahmani, A., Kuber, R., Hurst, A.: An empirical investigation of the situationally-induced impairments experienced by blind mobile device users. In: Proceedings of the 13th Web for All Conference, pp. 1–8 (2016)

  29. Bauer, S.M., Elsaesser, L.-J., Arthanat, S.: Assistive technology device classification based upon the World Health Organization's, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Disabil. Rehabil. Assist. Technol. 6(3), 243–259 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Pal, J., Pradhan, M., Shah, M., Babu, R.: Assistive technology for vision-impairments: an agenda for the ICTD community. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference Companion on World Wide Web, pp. 513–522. ACM (2011)

  31. Paiva, S., Gupta, N.: Technologies and systems to improve mobility of visually impaired people: a state of the art. In: Technological Trends in Improved Mobility of the Visually Impaired, pp. 105–123. Springer (2020)

  32. Tapu, R., Mocanu, B., Tapu, E.: A survey on wearable devices used to assist the visual impaired user navigation in outdoor environments. In: 2014 11th International Symposium on Electronics and Telecommunications (ISETC), pp. 1–4. IEEE (2014)

  33. Kim, H.K., Han, S.H., Park, J., Park, J.: The interaction experiences of visually impaired people with assistive technology: a case study of smartphones. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 55, 22–33 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kane, S.K., Jayant, C., Wobbrock, J.O., Ladner, R.E.: Freedom to roam: a study of mobile device adoption and accessibility for people with visual and motor disabilities. In: Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 115–122. ACM (2009)

  35. Madeley, R., Finnigan, J.: Facing blindness alone (2013)

  36. Hersh, M., Johnson, M.A.: Assistive Technology for Visually Impaired and Blind People. Springer, Berlin (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Brassai, S.T., Bako, L., Losonczi, L.: Assistive technologies for visually impaired people. Acta Univ. Sapientiae Electr. Mech. Eng. 3, 39–50 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Brady, E., Morris, M.R., Zhong, Y., White, S., Bigham, J.P.: Visual challenges in the everyday lives of blind people. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2117–2126. ACM (2013)

  39. Csapó, Á., Wersényi, G., Nagy, H., Stockman, T.: A survey of assistive technologies and applications for blind users on mobile platforms: a review and foundation for research. J. Multimodal User Interfaces 9(4), 275–286 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Taylor, B., Lee, D.-J., Zhang, D., Xiong, G.: Smart phone-based Indoor guidance system for the visually impaired. In: 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), pp. 871–876. IEEE (2012)

  41. Behmer, J., Knox, S.: LocalEyes: accessible GPS and points of interest. In: Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 323–324. ACM (2010)

  42. Billi, M., Burzagli, L., Catarci, T., Santucci, G., Bertini, E., Gabbanini, F., Palchetti, E.: A unified methodology for the evaluation of accessibility and usability of mobile applications. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 9(4), 337–356 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Szekely, P., Luo, P., Neches, R.: Beyond interface builders: model-based interface tools. In: Proceedings of the INTERACT'93 and CHI'93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 383–390. ACM (1993)

  44. Alonso, F., Fuertes, J.L., González, Á.L., Martínez, L.: User-interface modelling for blind users. In: International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons, pp. 789–796. Springer (2008)

  45. Abascal, J., Nicolle, C.: Moving towards inclusive design guidelines for socially and ethically aware HCI. Interact. Comput. 17(5), 484–505 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Persad, U., Langdon, P., Clarkson, J.: Characterising user capabilities to support inclusive design evaluation. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 6(2), 119–135 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Plos, O., Buisine, S., Aoussat, A., Mantelet, F., Dumas, C.: A Universalist strategy for the design of Assistive technology. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 42(6), 533–541 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Long, S.K., Karpinsky, N.D., Döner, H., Still, J.D.: Using a mobile application to help visually impaired individuals explore the outdoors. In: Advances in Design for Inclusion, pp. 213–223. Springer, Cham (2016)

  49. Kulyukin, V., Crandall, W., Coster, D.: Efficiency or quality of experience: a laboratory study of three eyes-free touchscreen menu browsing user interfaces for mobile phones. Open Rehabil. J. 4, 13–22 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Khan, A., Khusro, S., Alam, I.: BlindSense—an accessibility-inclusive universal user interface for blind people. Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res. 8(2), 2775–2784 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Khan, A., Khusro, S.: Blind-friendly user interfaces–a pilot study on improving the accessibility of touchscreen interfaces. Multimed. Tools Appl. 78(13), 17495–17519 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Khan, A., Khusro, S., Niazi, B., Ahmad, J., Alam, I., Khan, I.: TetraMail: a usable email client for blind people. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 19, 113–132 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0633-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Hink, R.B., Suarez, A.A.: Basic human computer interface for the blind. In: 8th Latin American and Caribbean conference for Engineering and Technology (LACCEI'2010), Arequipa, Peru (2010)

  54. Bonner, M.N., Brudvik, J.T., Abowd, G.D., Edwards, W.K.: No-look notes: accessible eyes-free multi-touch text entry. In: International Conference on Pervasive Computing, pp. 409–426. Springer (2010)

  55. McGookin, D., Brewster, S., Jiang, W.: Investigating touchscreen accessibility for people with visual impairments. In: Proceedings of the 5th Nordic Conference on Human–Computer Interaction: Building Bridges, pp. 298–307. ACM (2008)

  56. Basori, A.H.: HapAR: handy intelligent multimodal haptic and audio-based mobile AR navigation for the visually impaired. In: Technological Trends in Improved Mobility of the Visually Impaired, pp. 319–334. Springer, Cham (2020)

  57. Hill, D.R., Grieb, C.: Substitution for a restricted visual channel in multimodal computer–human dialogue. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 18(2), 285–304 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Li, K.A., Baudisch, P., Hinckley, K.: Blindsight: eyes-free access to mobile phones. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1389–1398. ACM (2008)

  59. Kane, S.K., Bigham, J.P., Wobbrock, J.O.: Slide rule: making mobile touch screens accessible to blind people using multi-touch interaction techniques. In: Proceedings of the 10th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 73–80. ACM (2008)

  60. Chen, X., Tremaine, M., Lutz, R., Chung, J.-W., Lacsina, P.: AudioBrowser: a mobile browsable information access for the visually impaired. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 5(1), 4–22 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Guerreiro, T., Lagoá, P., Nicolau, H., Gonçalves, D., Jorge, J.A.: From tapping to touching: making touch screens accessible to blind users. IEEE Multimed. 15(4), 0048–0050 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Brewster, S., Lumsden, J., Bell, M., Hall, M., Tasker, S.: Multimodal 'eyes-free' interaction techniques for wearable devices. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 473–480. ACM (2003)

  63. Azenkot, S., Fortuna, E.: Improving public transit usability for blind and deaf-blind people by connecting a braille display to a smartphone. In: Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 317–318. ACM (2010)

  64. Siqueira, J., de Melo Nunes, F.A.A., Ferreira, D.J., Silva, C.R.G., de Oliveira Berretta, L., Ferreira, C.B.R., Félix, I.M., da Silva Soares, A., da Costa, R.M., Luna, M.M.: Braille text entry on smartphones: A systematic review of the literature. In: 2016 IEEE 40th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Vol. 2, pp. 521–526. IEEE (2016).

  65. Raman, T.V.: JustSpeak. https://eyes-free.blogspot.hu/ (2013)

  66. vOICe. https://www.androlib.com/android.application.voice-voice-wiz.aspx (2016)

  67. Dewhurst, D.: Creating and accessing audio-tactile images with “HFVE” vision substitution software. In: Proceedings of the Third Interactive Sonification Workshop. KTH, Stockholm, pp. 101–104 (2010)

  68. Gomez-Valencia, J.D.: A Computer-Vision Based Sensory Substitution Device for the Visually Impaired (See ColOr). University of Geneva, Geneva (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Inc, C.: TapTapSee - Blind & Visually Impaired Camera. https://www.taptapseeapp.com/ (2016)

  70. Wilson, J., Walker, B.N., Lindsay, J., Cambias, C., Dellaert, F.: Swan: System for wearable audio navigation. In: 2007 11th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, pp. 91–98. IEEE (2007)

  71. MIPsoft: BlindSquare. https://blindsquare.com/about/ (2016)

  72. Stepnowski, A., Kamiński, Ł., Demkowicz, J.: Voice Maps—the system for navigation of blind in urban area. In: Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Computer and Applied Computational Science, Venice, Italy (2011)

  73. Khoshelham, K., Zlatanova, S.: Sensors for indoor mapping and navigation. Sensors 16(5), 655 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  74. Paredes, H., Fernandes, H., Martins, P., Barroso, J.: Gathering the users’ needs in the development of assistive technology: a blind navigation system use case. In: International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 79–88. Springer (2013)

  75. Strumillo, P.: Electronic interfaces aiding the visually impaired in environmental access, mobility and navigation. In: 3rd International Conference on Human System Interaction, pp. 17–24. IEEE (2010)

  76. Dakopoulos, D., Bourbakis, N.G.: Wearable obstacle avoidance electronic travel aids for blind: a survey. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C (Appl. Rev) 40(1), 25–35 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  77. Hussain, M.A., Ullah, M.G., Fareed, A., Sohail, B.: The smartcane for blind people an electronically smart stick to aid mobility. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Secur. 14(4), 276 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  78. Vigo, M., Brajnik, G.: Automatic web accessibility metrics: where we are and where we can go. Interact. Comput. 23(2), 137–155 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Garaj, V., Jirawimut, R., Ptasinski, P., Cecelja, F., Balachandran, W.: A system for remote sighted guidance of visually impaired pedestrians. Br. J. Visu. Impair. 21(2), 55–63 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Doush, I.A., Alshatnawi, S., Al-Tamimi, A.-K., Alhasan, B., Hamasha, S.: ISAB: integrated indoor navigation system for the blind. Interact. Comput. 29, 181–202 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Magatani, K., Sawa, K., Yanashima, K.: Development of the navigation system for the visually impaired by using optical beacons. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2001, pp. 1488–1490. IEEE (2001)

  82. Bowen III, C.L., Buennemeyer, T.K., Burbey, I., Joshi, V.: Using wireless networks to assist navigation for individuals with disabilities. In: California State University, Northridge Center on Disabilities' 21st Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference (2006)

  83. Shiizu, Y., Hirahara, Y., Yanashima, K., Magatani, K.: The development of a white cane which navigates the visually impaired. In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE 2007, pp. 5005–5008. IEEE

  84. Miller, L.E.: Indoor Navigation for First responders: A Feasibility Study. Princeton, Citeseer (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  85. Magrassi, P., Berg, T.: A world of smart objects: the role of auto identification technologies. Strategic Analysis Report, Gartner (2001)

  86. Meints, M.: D3. 7 a structured collection on information and literature on technological and usability aspects of radio frequency identification (rfid). FIDIS Deliv. 3(7) (2007)

  87. Amemiya, T., Yamashita, J., Hirota, K., Hirose, M.: Virtual leading blocks for the deaf-blind: a real-time way-finder by verbal-nonverbal hybrid interface and high-density RFID tag space. In: Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality, 2004, pp. 165–287. IEEE (2004)

  88. Lawson, M.A., Do, E.Y.-L., Marston, J.R., Ross, D.A.: Helping hands versus ERSP vision: comparing object recognition technologies for the visually impaired. In: HCI International 2011-Posters’ Extended Abstracts, pp. 383–388. Springer (2011)

  89. Biader Ceipidor, U., Medaglia, C.M., Serbanati, A., Azzalin, G., Barboni, M., Rizzo, F., Sironi, M.: SeSaMoNet: an RFID-based economically viable navigation system for the visually impaired. Int. J. RF Technol. Res. Appl. 1(3), 214–224 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  90. Seto, T., Magatani, K.: A navigation system for the visually impaired using colored navigation lines and RFID tags. In: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009. EMBC 2009, pp. 831–834. IEEE (2009)

  91. Kiers, M., Sovec, T.: Ways4all: indoor navigation for visually impaired and blind people (2010)

  92. Vogel, C., Fay, A., König, A., Cory, D., Usadel, J.: BUS-ID: Barrierefreier Zugang blinder und sehbehinderter Menschen zum öffentlichen Nahverkehr durch Einsatz von RFID. In: 13th International Mobility Conference, Marburg, p. 17 (2009)

  93. Chumkamon, S., Tuvaphanthaphiphat, P., Keeratiwintakorn, P.: A blind navigation system using RFID for indoor environments. In: 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2008. ECTI-CON 2008, pp. 765–768. IEEE (2008)

  94. Di Giampaolo, E.: A passive-RFID based indoor navigation system for visually impaired people. In: 2010 3rd International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies (ISABEL), pp. 1–5. IEEE (2010)

  95. Kassim, A., Yasuno, T., Suzuki, H., Jaafar, H., Aras, M.: Indoor navigation system based on passive RFID transponder with digital compass for visually impaired people. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 7(2), 604–611 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  96. Tandon, K., Pande, T., Adil, M., Dubey, G., Kumar, A.: A blind navigation system using RFID for indoor environments. Int. J. Comput. Syst. 2(4), 115–118 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  97. Doush, I.A., Damaj, I., Al-Betar, M.A., Awadallah, M.A., Ra’ed, M., Alchalabi, A.E., Bolaji, A.L.: A Survey on accessible context-aware systems. In: Technological Trends in Improved Mobility of the Visually Impaired, pp. 29–63. Springer (2020)

  98. Kandil, M., AlAttar, F., Al-Baghdadi, R., Damaj, I.: AmIE: An ambient intelligent environment for blind and visually impaired people. In: Technological Trends in Improved Mobility of the Visually Impaired, pp. 207–236. Springer, Cham (2020)

  99. Ding, B., Yuan, H., Jiang, L., Zang, X.: The research on blind navigation system based on RFID. In: 2007 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, pp. 2058–2061. IEEE (2007)

  100. Willis, S., Helal, S.: RFID information grid for blind navigation and wayfinding. In: Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC'05), pp. 34–37. IEEE (2005)

  101. Sivan, S., Darsan, G.: Computer vision based assistive technology for blind and visually impaired people. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, p. 41. ACM (2016)

  102. Jafri, R., Ali, S.A., Arabnia, H.R., Fatima, S.: Computer vision-based object recognition for the visually impaired in an indoors environment: a survey. Vis. Comput. 30(11), 1197–1222 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  103. Jafri, R., Ali, S.A., Arabnia, H.R.: Face recognition for the visually impaired. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering (IKE), p. 1. The Steering Committee of The World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Applied Computing (WorldComp) (2013)

  104. McGowan, T.: Object Recognition for the Visually Impaired. Dublin City University, Dublin (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  105. Dumitras, T., Lee, M., Quinones, P., Smailagic, A., Siewiorek, D., Narasimhan, P.: Eye of the beholder: phone-based text-recognition for the visually-impaired. In: 2006 10th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, pp. 145–146. IEEE (2006)

  106. Al-Khalifa, H.S.: Utilizing QR Code and Mobile Phones for Blinds and Visually Impaired People. Springer, Berlin (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  107. Chang, Y.-J., Tsai, S.-K., Wang, T.-Y.: A context aware handheld wayfinding system for individuals with cognitive impairments. In: Proceedings of the 10th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 27–34. ACM (2008)

  108. Chang, Y.-J., Tsai, S.-K., Chang, Y.-S., Wang, T.-Y.: A novel wayfinding system based on geo-coded QR codes for individuals with cognitive impairments. In: Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 231–232. ACM (2007)

  109. Jafri, R., Ali, S.A., Arabnia, H.R.: Computer vision-based object recognition for the visually impaired using visual tags. In: The 2013 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern Recognition, pp. 400–406 (2013)

  110. Nagarajan, R., Yaacob, S., Sainarayanan, G.: Role of object identification in sonification system for visually impaired. In: TENCON 2003. Conference on Convergent Technologies for the Asia-Pacific Region, pp. 735–739. IEEE (2003)

  111. Iannizzotto, G., Costanzo, C., Lanzafame, P., La Rosa, F.: Badge3D for visually impaired. In: 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05)-Workshops, pp. 29–29. IEEE (2005)

  112. Gude, R., Østerby, M., Soltveit, S.: Blind navigation and object recognition. Laboratory for Computational Stochastics, University of Aarhus, Denmark (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  113. Al-Khalifa, H.S.: Utilizing QR code and mobile phones for blinds and visually impaired people. In: International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons, pp. 1065–1069. Springer (2008)

  114. Zöllner, M., Huber, S., Jetter, H.-C., Reiterer, H.: NAVI—a proof-of-concept of a mobile navigational aid for visually impaired based on the microsoft kinect. In: IFIP Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 584–587. Springer (2011)

  115. Sudol, J., Dialameh, O., Blanchard, C., Dorcey, T.: Looktel—a comprehensive platform for computer-aided visual assistance. In: 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition-Workshops, pp. 73–80. IEEE (2010)

  116. Islam, M.T., Ahmad, M., Bappy, A.S.: Microprocessor-based smart blind glass system for visually impaired people. In: Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence, pp. 151–161. Springer (2020)

  117. Cunneen, M., Mullins, M., Murphy, F., Shannon, D., Furxhi, I., Ryan, C.: Autonomous vehicles and avoiding the trolley (dilemma): vehicle perception, classification, and the challenges of framing decision ethics. Cybern. Syst. 51(1), 59–80 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  118. Silva, S., Almeida, N., Pereira, C., Martins, A.I., Rosa, A.F., e Silva, M.O., Teixeira, A.: Design and development of multimodal applications: a vision on key issues and methods. In: International Conference on Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 109–120. Springer (2015)

  119. Konttila, A., Harjumaa, M., Muuraiskangas, S., Jokela, M., Isomursu, M.: Touch n'Tag: digital annotation of physical objects with voice tagging. J. Assist. Technol. 6(1), 24–37 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  120. Kulyukin, V., Kutiyanawala, A.: From ShopTalk to ShopMobile: vision-based barcode scanning with mobile phones for independent blind grocery shopping. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America Conference (RESNA 2010), Las Vegas, NV (2010)

  121. Ran, L., Helal, S., Moore, S.: Drishti: an integrated indoor/outdoor blind navigation system and service. In: Proceedings of the Second IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2004. PerCom 2004, pp. 23–30. IEEE (2004)

  122. Martinez-Sala, A.S., Losilla, F., Sánchez-Aarnoutse, J.C., García-Haro, J.: Design, implementation and evaluation of an indoor navigation system for visually impaired people. Sensors 15(12), 32168–32187 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  123. Ali, S., Khusro, S.: Mobile Phone Sensing: A New Application Paradigm. Indian J. Sci. Technol. 9(19), 1–42 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  124. Zelek, J.: The E.(Ben) & Mary Hochhausen Fund for Research in Adaptive Technology For Blind and Visually Impaired Persons (2002)

  125. Golding, A.R., Lesh, N.: Indoor navigation using a diverse set of cheap, wearable sensors. In: The Third International Symposium on Wearable Computers, 1999. Digest of Papers, pp. 29–36. IEEE (1999)

  126. Sánchez, J., de la Torre, N.: Autonomous navigation through the city for the blind. In: Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 195–202. ACM (2010)

  127. Bahl, P., Padmanabhan, V.N.: RADAR: An in-building RF-based user location and tracking system. In: Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No. 00CH37064), Vol. 2, pp. 775–784. IEEE (2000)

  128. Denham, J., Leventhal, J., McComas, H.: Getting from point A to point B: a review of two GPS systems. (2004)

  129. Collins, C.C.: On mobility aids for the blind. In: Electronic Spatial Sensing for the Blind, pp. 35–64. Springer, Berlin (1985)

  130. Google: Intersection Explorer. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.marvin.intersectionexplorer&hl=en (2016)

  131. Hub, A., Kombrink, S., Bosse, K., Ertl, T.: TANIA—a tactile-acoustical navigation and information assistant for the 2007 CSUN conference. In: Conference Proceedings of the California State University, Northridge Center on Disabilities' 22nd Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference, March 19–24, Los Angeles, CA, USA (2007)

  132. Antunes, A.C., Silva, C.: Designing for blind users: guidelines for developing mobile apps for supporting navigation of blind people on public transports. In: User-Centered Software Development for the Blind and Visually Impaired: Emerging Research and Opportunities, pp. 1–25. IGI Global (2020)

  133. Ali, S., Khusro, S., Ullah, I., Khan, A., Khan, I.: SmartOntoSensor: ontology for semantic interpretation of smartphone sensors data for context-aware applications. J. Sens. 2017 (2017)

  134. Faugeras, O.D., Hebert, M.: The representation, recognition, and locating of 3-D objects. Int. J. Robot. Res. 5(3), 27–52 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  135. Kay, L.: Auditory perception of objects by blind persons, using a bioacoustic high resolution air sonar. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107(6), 3266–3275 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  136. Meijer, P.B.: An experimental system for auditory image representations. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 39(2), 112–121 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  137. Laursen, L.: Echolocation Via Smartphone. https://spectrum.ieee.org/consumer-electronics/portable-devices/echolocation-by-smartphone-possible (2015)

  138. Schwartz, M., Benkert, D.: Navigating with a visual impairment: problems, tools and possible solutions. In: International Conference on Augmented Cognition, pp. 371–381. Springer (2016)

  139. Hill, J., Black, J.: The miniguide: a new electronic travel device. J. Vis. Impair. Blind. 97(10), 1–6 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  140. Hoyle, B., & Waters, D.: Mobility at: The batcane (ultracane). In: Assistive Technology for Visually Impaired and Blind People, pp. 209–229. Springer, London (2008)

  141. Shoval, S., Ulrich, I., Borenstein, J.: NavBelt and the Guide-Cane [obstacle-avoidance systems for the blind and visually impaired]. IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. 10(1), 9–20 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  142. Gammeter, S., Gassmann, A., Bossard, L., Quack, T., Van Gool, L.: Server-side object recognition and client-side object tracking for mobile augmented reality. In: 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2010)

  143. Khan, A., Khusro, S., Rauf, A., Mahfooz, S.: Rebirth of augmented reality-enhancing reality via smartphones. Bahria Univ. J. Inf. Commun. Technol. 8(1), 110 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  144. Khan, A., Khusro, S.: The rise of augmented reality browsers: trends, challenges and opportunities (Review paper). Pak. J. Sci. 67(3), 288–300 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  145. Blum, J.R., Bouchard, M., Cooperstock, J.R.: What’s around me? Spatialized audio augmented reality for blind users with a smartphone. In: Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking, and Services, pp. 49–62. Springer (2012)

  146. Loomis, J.M., Golledge, R.G., Klatzky, R.L., Speigle, J.M., Tietz, J.: Personal guidance system for the visually impaired. In: Proceedings of the First Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies, pp. 85–91. ACM (1994)

  147. Golledge, R.G., Loomis, J.M., Klatzky, R.L., Flury, A., Yang, X.L.: Designing a personal guidance system to aid navigation without sight: progress on the GIS component. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst. 5(4), 373–395 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  148. Petrie, H., Johnson, V., Strothotte, T., Raab, A., Fritz, S., Michel, R.: MoBIC: designing a travel aid for blind and elderly people. J. Navig. 49(01), 45–52 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  149. Lorenz, B., Ohlbach, H.J., Stoffel, E.-P.: A hybrid spatial model for representing indoor environments. In: International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, pp. 102–112. Springer (2006)

  150. D'Atri, E., Medaglia, C.M., Serbanati, A., Ceipidor, U.B.: A system to aid blind people in the mobility: a usability test and its results. In: Second International Conference on Systems, 2007. ICONS'07, pp. 35–35. IEEE (2007)

  151. Jacobson, R.D.: Cognitive mapping without sight: four preliminary studies of spatial learning. J. Environ. Psychol. 18(3), 289–305 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  152. Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S., MacIntyre, B.: Recent advances in augmented reality. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 21(6), 34–47 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  153. Passini, R., Proulx, G.: Wayfinding without vision an experiment with congenitally totally blind people. Environ. Behav. 20(2), 227–252 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  154. Lahav, O., Mioduser, D.: Haptic-feedback support for cognitive mapping of unknown spaces by people who are blind. Int. J. Hum Comput Stud. 66(1), 23–35 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  155. Crandall, W., Bentzen, B., Myers, L., Mitchell, P.: Transit accessibility improvement through talking signs remote infrared signage. A demonstration and evaluation (1995)

  156. Shaik, A.S., Hossain, G., Yeasin, M.: Design, development and performance evaluation of reconfigured mobile Android phone for people who are blind or visually impaired. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Design of Communication, pp. 159–166. ACM (2010)

  157. Yatani, K., Banovic, N., Truong, K.: SpaceSense: representing geographical information to visually impaired people using spatial tactile feedback. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 415–424. ACM (2012)

  158. Marston, J.R., Loomis, J.M., Klatzky, R.L., Golledge, R.G., Smith, E.L.: Evaluation of spatial displays for navigation without sight. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.: TAP 3(2), 110–124 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  159. Parkes, D.: NOMAD”: an audio-tactile tool for the acquisition, use and management of spatially distributed information by partially sighted and blind persons. In: Proceedings of Second International Conference on Maps and Graphics for Visually Disabled People, pp. 24–29 (1989)

  160. Tsetsos, V., Anagnostopoulos, C., Kikiras, P., Hadjiefthymiades, S.: Semantically enriched navigation for indoor environments. Int. J. Web Grid Serv. 2(4), 453–478 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  161. Joseph, S.L., Zhang, X., Dryanovski, I., Xiao, J., Yi, C., Tian, Y.: Semantic indoor navigation with a blind-user oriented augmented reality. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, pp. 3585–3591. IEEE (2013)

  162. Karimi, H.A.: Universal navigation. In: Universal Navigation on Smartphones, pp. 75–88. Springer, Boston, MA (2011)

  163. Lorenz, B., Ohlbach, H.J., Stoffel, E.-P.: A hybrid spatial model for representing indoor environments. In: Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, pp. 102–112. Springer, Berlin (2006)

  164. Horrocks, I.: Ontologies and the semantic web. Commun. ACM 51(12), 58–67 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  165. Camossi, E., Villa, P., Mazzola, L.: Semantic-based anomalous pattern discovery in moving object trajectories. arXiv:1305.1946 (2013)

  166. Parent, C., Spaccapietra, S., Renso, C., Andrienko, G., Andrienko, N., Bogorny, V., Damiani, M.L., Gkoulalas-Divanis, A., Macedo, J., Pelekis, N.: Semantic trajectories modeling and analysis. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 45(4), 42 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  167. Yan, Z., Chakraborty, D., Parent, C., Spaccapietra, S., Aberer, K.: SeMiTri: a framework for semantic annotation of heterogeneous trajectories. In: Proceedings of the 14th international Conference on Extending Database Technology, pp. 259–270. ACM (2011)

  168. José, J., Farrajota, M., Rodrigues, J.M.: Du Buf, J.H.: The SmartVision local navigation aid for blind and visually impaired persons. JDCTA 5(5), 362–375 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  169. Calder, D.J.: Ecological solutions for the blind. In: 4th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, pp. 625–630. IEEE (2010)

  170. Zhang, J., Lip, C.W., Ong, S.-K., Nee, A.Y.: A multiple sensor-based shoe-mounted user interface designed for navigation systems for the visually impaired. In: 2010 The 5th Annual ICST Wireless Internet Conference (WICON), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2010)

  171. Peng, E., Peursum, P., Li, L., Venkatesh, S.: A smartphone-based obstacle sensor for the visually impaired. In: Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, pp. 590–604. Springer, Berlin (2010)

  172. Amemiya, T., Sugiyama, H.: Haptic handheld wayfinder with pseudo-attraction force for pedestrians with visual impairments. In: Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 107–114. ACM (2009)

  173. Amemiya, T.: Haptic direction indicator for visually impaired people based on pseudo-attraction force. Minds Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 1(5), 23–34 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  174. Velázquez, R., Maingreaud, F., Pissaloux, E.: Intelligent glasses: a new man-machine interface concept integrating computer vision and human tactile perception. In: Proceedings of EuroHaptics, pp. 456–460. Citeseer (2003)

  175. Joseph, S.L., Zhang, X., Dryanovski, I., Xiao, J., Yi, C., Tian, Y.: Semantic indoor navigation with a blind-user oriented augmented reality. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, pp. 3585–3591. IEEE (2013)

  176. Schmetzke, A.: Web accessibility at university libraries and library schools. Libr. Hi Tech 19(1), 35–49 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  177. Leporini, B., Buzzi, M.C., Buzzi, M.: Interacting with mobile devices via VoiceOver: usability and accessibility issues. In: Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer–Human Interaction Conference, pp. 339–348. ACM (2012)

  178. Kane, S.K., Wobbrock, J.O., Ladner, R.E.: Usable gestures for blind people: understanding preference and performance. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 413–422. ACM (2011)

  179. Rodrigues, A., Montague, K., Nicolau, H., Guerreiro, T.: Getting smartphones to TalkBack: understanding the smartphone adoption process of blind users. In: Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility, pp. 23–32. ACM (2015)

  180. Borodin, Y., Mahmud, J., Ramakrishnan, I.V., Stent, A.: The HearSay non-visual web browser. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A), pp. 128–129. ACM (2007)

  181. Borodin, Y., Dausch, G., Ramakrishnan, I.V.: TeleWeb: accessible service for web browsing via phone. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibililty (W4A), pp. 96–97. ACM (2009)

  182. Chu, C.N.: Two dimension interactive voice browser for the visually impaired. In: International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons, pp. 721–724. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2004)

  183. Ghose, R., Dasgupta, T., Basu, A.: Architecture of a web browser for visually handicapped people. In: Students' Technology Symposium (TechSym), IEEE, pp. 325–329. IEEE (2010)

  184. Krajnc, E., Knoll, M., Feiner, J., Traar, M.: A touch sensitive user interface approach on smartphones for visually impaired and blind persons. In: Information Quality in e-Health. pp. 585–594. Springer, Berlin (2011)

  185. Preece, A.: An Evaluation of the RAY G300, an Android-based Smartphone Designed for the Blind and Visually Impaired (2013)

  186. Yong, R.: “VisionTouch Phone” for the blind. Malays. J. Med. Sci. 20(5), 1–4 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  187. Mascetti, S., Bernareggi, C., Belotti, M.: TypeInBraille: a braille-based typing application for touchscreen devices. In: The Proceedings of the 13th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 295–296 (2011)

  188. Jayant, C., Acuario, C., Johnson, W., Hollier, J., Ladner, R.: V-braille: haptic braille perception using a touch-screen and vibration on mobile phones. In: Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 295–296. ACM (2010)

  189. Bonner, M.N., Brudvik, J.T., Abowd, G.D., Edwards, W.K.: No-look notes: accessible eyes-free multi-touch text entry. In: Pervasive Computing, pp. 409–426. Springer, Berlin (2010)

  190. Pirhonen, A., Brewster, S., Holguin, C.: Gestural and audio metaphors as a means of control for mobile devices. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 291–298. ACM (2002)

  191. Frey, B., Southern, C., Romero, M.: Brailletouch: mobile texting for the visually impaired. In: Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction. Context Diversity, pp. 19–25. Springer, Berlin (2011)

  192. Nesbat, S.B.: A system for fast, full-text entry for small electronic devices. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces, pp. 4–11. ACM (2003)

  193. Dasgupta, T., Anuj, A., Sinha, M., Ghose, R., Basu, A.: VoiceMail architecture in desktop and mobile devices for the Blind people. In: 2012 4th International Conference on Intelligent Human Computer Interaction (IHCI), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2012)

  194. Basu, A., Roy, S., Dutta, P., Banerjee, S.: A PC based multi-user Braille reading system for the blind libraries‖. IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng. 6(1), 60–68 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  195. Blenkhorn, P.: A system for converting Braille into print. IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng. 3(2), 215–221 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  196. Blomquist, M., Burman, P.: The WinBraille approach to producing braille quickly and effectively. In: Computers Helping People with Special Needs, pp. 618–619. Springer, Berlin (2002)

  197. www.brailler.com., b.R.f.

  198. Dasgupta, T., Basu, A.: A speech enabled Indian language text to Braille transliteration system. In: 2009 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD), pp. 201–211. IEEE (2009)

  199. Kalra, N., Lauwers, T., Dewey, D., Stepleton, T., Dias, M.B.: Iterative design of a Braille writing tutor to combat illiteracy. In: ICTD 2007. International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development, 2007, pp. 1–9. IEEE (2007)

  200. Lahiri, A., Chattopadhyay, S.J., Basu, A.: Sparsha: A comprehensive Indian language toolset for the blind. In: Proceedings of the 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 114–120. ACM (2005)

  201. Lee, K.-F., Hon, H.-W., Reddy, R.: An overview of the SPHINX speech recognition system. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 38(1), 35–45 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  202. Linghao, Z., Ying, L.: On methods of designing smartphone interface. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Sciences (ICSESS), pp. 584–587. IEEE (2010)

  203. González, M., Moreno, L., Martínez, P.: Approach design of an accessible media player. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 14(1), 45–55 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  204. Klingenberg, O.G., Holkesvik, A.H., Augestad, L.B.: Digital learning in mathematics for students with severe visual impairment: a systematic review. Br. J. Vis. Impair. 38, 38–57 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  205. Armano, T., Capietto, A., Illengo, M., Murru, N., Rossini, R.: An overview on ICT for the accessibility of scientific texts by visually impaired students. In: Congresso Nazionale SIREM 2014, pp. 119–122. Sie-L Editore (2015)

  206. Cervone, D.: MathJax: a platform for mathematics on the Web. Not. AMS 59(2), 312–316 (2012)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  207. Federico, M., Furini, M.: Enhancing learning accessibility through fully automatic captioning. In: Proceedings of the International cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility, pp. 1–4 (2012)

  208. Wald, M.: Crowdsourcing correction of speech recognition captioning errors. In: Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility, pp. 1–2 (2011)

  209. Encelle, B., Beldame, M.O., Prié, Y.: Towards the usage of pauses in audio-described videos. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility, pp. 1–4 (2013)

  210. Wu, M., Balakrishnan, R.: Multi-finger and whole hand gestural interaction techniques for multi-user tabletop displays. In: Proceedings of the 16th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 193–202. ACM (2003)

  211. Stephanidis, C., Savidis, A.: Interface development toolkits for non-visual and switch-based interaction. In: Proceedings of ERCIM News, Special Theme. Human Computer Interaction, vol. 46, pp. 4–15 (2001)

  212. Romero, M., Frey, B., Southern, C., Abowd, G.D.: BrailleTouch: designing a mobile eyes-free soft keyboard. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, pp. 707–709. ACM (2011)

  213. Buxton, W., Hill, R., Rowley, P.: Issues and techniques in touch-sensitive tablet input. ACM SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. 19(3), 215–224 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  214. Shneiderman, B.: Designing the User Interface-Strategies for Effective Human–Computer Interaction. Pearson Education India, Bangalore (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  215. Bigham, J.P., Cavender, A.C., Brudvik, J.T., Wobbrock, J.O., Lander, R.E.: WebinSitu: a comparative analysis of blind and sighted browsing behavior. In: Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 51–58. ACM (2007)

  216. Lazar, J., Allen, A., Kleinman, J., Malarkey, C.: What frustrates screen reader users on the web: a study of 100 blind users. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 22(3), 247–269 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  217. Vatavu, R.-D.: Visual impairments and mobile touchscreen interaction: state-of-the-art, causes of visual impairment, and design guidelines. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 33(6), 486–509 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  218. Lang, T.: Comparing website accessibility evaluation methods and learnings from usability evaluation methods. Peak usability (2003)

  219. Nielsen, C.M., Overgaard, M., Pedersen, M.B., Stage, J., Stenild, S.: It's worth the hassle!: the added value of evaluating the usability of mobile systems in the field. In: Proceedings of the 4th Nordic Conference on Human–Computer Interaction: Changing Roles, pp. 272–280. ACM (2006)

  220. Viana, W., Andrade, R.M.: XMobile: a MB-UID environment for semi-automatic generation of adaptive applications for mobile devices. J. Syst. Softw. 81(3), 382–394 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  221. Inostroza, R., Rusu, C., Roncagliolo, S., Jimenez, C., Rusu, V.: Usability heuristics for touchscreen-based mobile devices. In: 2012 Ninth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG), pp. 662–667. IEEE (2012)

  222. Meskens, J., Vermeulen, J., Luyten, K., Coninx, K.: Gummy for multi-platform user interface designs: shape me, multiply me, fix me, use me. In: Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, pp. 233–240. ACM (2008)

  223. Tsiaousis, A.S., Giaglis, G.M.: An empirical assessment of environmental factors that influence the usability of a mobile website. In: 2010 Ninth International Conference on 2010 Mobile Business and 2010 Ninth Global Mobility Roundtable (ICMB-GMR), pp. 161–167. IEEE

  224. Seffah, A., Javahery, H.: Multiple User Interfaces: Multi-Devices, Cross-Platform and Context-Awareness. Wiley, Hoboken (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  225. Chen, F.: Designing Human Interface in Speech Technology. Springer, Berlin (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  226. Alur, A., Shrivastav, P., Jumde, A.: Haptic technology: a comprehensive review of its applications and future prospects. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol.: IJCSIT 5(5), 6039–6043 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  227. Buzzi, M.C., Buzzi, M., Leporini, B., Paratore, M.T.: Vibro-tactile enrichment improves blind user interaction with mobile touchscreens. In: IFIP Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 641–648. Springer (2013)

  228. Hatwell, Y., Streri, A., Gentaz, E.: Touching for Knowing: Cognitive Psychology of Haptic Manual Perception, vol. 53. John Benjamins Publishing, Amsterdam (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  229. Park, K., Goh, T., So, H.-J.: Toward accessible mobile application design: developing mobile application accessibility guidelines for people with visual impairment. In: Proceedings of HCI Korea 2014, pp. 31–38. Hanbit Media, Inc.

  230. Dim, N.K., Ren, X.: Designing motion gesture interfaces in mobile phones for blind people. J. Comput. Sci. Technol. 29(5), 812–824 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  231. Façanha, A.R., Viana, W., Pequeno, M.C., de Borba Campos, M., Sánchez, J.: Touchscreen mobile phones virtual keyboarding for people with visual disabilities. In: International Conference on Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 134–145. Springer (2014)

  232. Chiti, S., Leporini, B.: Accessibility of android-based mobile devices: a prototype to investigate interaction with blind users. In: Computers Helping People with Special Needs, pp. 607–614 (2012)

  233. Strumillo, P.: Electronic interfaces aiding the visually impaired in environmental access, mobility and navigation. In: 2010 3rd Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI), pp. 17–24. IEEE (2010)

  234. Abras, C., Maloney-Krichmar, D., Preece, J.: User-centered design. In: Bainbridge, W. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Human–Computer Interaction, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 445–456. Sage, Thousand Oaks (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  235. Cober, R., Au, O., Son, J.J.: Using a participatory approach to design a technology-enhanced museum tour for visitors who are blind. In: Proceedings of the 2012 iConference, pp. 592–594. ACM (2012)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Akif Khan.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khan, A., Khusro, S. An insight into smartphone-based assistive solutions for visually impaired and blind people: issues, challenges and opportunities. Univ Access Inf Soc 20, 265–298 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-020-00733-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-020-00733-8

Keywords

Navigation