Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Symmetry Breaking on Plasmonic Coupling in Nanoring Dimers

  • Published:
Plasmonics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Breaking the morphological and compositional symmetries of metallic nanoparticle (NP) dimers provides a novel approach to modulate plasmon coupling between the NPs. In this study, we theoretically investigate the effect of symmetry breaking on the plasmonic coupling in morphologically asymmetric Au nanoring-nanodisk (NR-ND) dimer, compositionally heterogeneous Au-Ag nanoring dimer, and compositionally as well as morphologically asymmetric Au-Ag NR-ND heterodimers. It has been found that when the inner radii of symmetrical Au NR dimer is decreased, the scattering spectral intensity of coupled bonding mode and higher-order coupled bonding mode drastically decreases and increases, respectively. Besides, the effect of aspect ratio on the plasmon resonance modes is investigated. Furthermore, with fixed geometric parameters of one NR and by morphing the shape of the other NR into ND through inner radius, we show the generation and modification of a Fano resonance. As a result of introducing morphological and compositional asymmetry separately, single Fano-type spectral feature is observed in the scattering spectra. We demonstrate that the double Fano resonances can be easily achieved in compositionally and morphologically asymmetric heterodimer with double symmetry breaking. These dual modes are caused by the interference of dipolar bright mode (localized LSPR modes) of Ag NP with the quadrupole and hexapole modes (interband transitions) of the Au NP. Finally, at optimum asymmetric heterodimers, we discussed the effect of refractive index on the Fano-type resonance. These new and simple designs provide a novel insight to modulate optical response and the generation of higher-order Fano resonances, which have many potential applications such as in photonics and refractive index sensing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig.  4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Garcia MA (2011) Surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticles: fundamentals and applications. J Phys D Appl Phys 44:283001

    Google Scholar 

  2. Olson J, Dominguez-Medina S, Hoggard A, Wang L-Y, Chang W-S, Link S (2015) Optical characterization of single plasmonic nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 44:40–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Noguez C (2007) Surface plasmons on metal nanoparticles: the influence of shape and physical environment. J Phys Chem C 111:3806–3819

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Verma S, Rao BT, Detty AP, Ganesan V, Phase DM, Rai SK, Bose A, Joshi SC, Kukreja LM (2015) Surface plasmon resonances of Ag-Au alloy nanoparticle films grown by sequential pulsed laser deposition at different compositions and temperatures. J Appl Phys 117:133105

    Google Scholar 

  5. Pathak NK, Ji A, Sharma RP (2014) Tunable properties of surface plasmon resonances: the influence of core–shell thickness and dielectric environment. Plasmonics 9:651–657

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Špačková B, Wrobel P, Bocková M, Homola J (2016) Optical biosensors based on plasmonic nanostructures: a review. Proc IEEE 104:2380–2408

    Google Scholar 

  7. Luk'yanchuk B, Zheludev NI, Maier SA, Halas NJ, Nordlander P, Giessen H, Chong CT (2010) The Fano resonance in plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials. Nat Mater 9:707–715

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Barnes WL, Dereux A, Ebbesen TW (2003) Surface plasmon subwavelength optics. Nature 424:824–830

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gallinet B, Martin OJF (2011) Influence of electromagnetic interactions on the line shape of plasmonic Fano resonances. ACS Nano 5:8999–9008

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang KJ, Da B, Ding ZJ (2018) Effect of asymmetric morphology on coupling surface plasmon modes and generalized plasmon ruler. Ultramicroscopy 185:55–64

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Halas NJ, Lal S, Chang WS, Link S, Nordlander P (2011) Plasmons in strongly coupled metallic nanostructures. Chem Rev 111:3913–3961

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Sheikholeslami S, Jun Y-W, Jain PK, Alivisatos AP (2010) Coupling of optical resonances in a compositionally asymmetric plasmonic nanoparticle dimer. Nano Lett 10:2655–2660

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Roopak S, Kumar Pathak N, Sharma R, Ji A, Pathak H et al (2016) Numerical simulation of extinction spectra of plasmonically coupled nanospheres using discrete dipole approximation: influence of compositional asymmetry. Plasmonics 11:1603–1612

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nguyen TK, Le TD, Dang PT, Le KQ (2017) Asymmetrically engineered metallic nanodisk clusters for plasmonic Fano resonance generation. J Opt Soc Am B 34:668–672

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zong X, Li L, Liu Y (2019) Dark plasmon in asymmetric nanoring arrays on conducting substrates and related applications. Opt Mater Express 9:870–877

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Schubert I, Sigle W, van Aken PA, Trautmann C, Toimil-Molares ME (2015) STEM-EELS analysis of multipole surface plasmon modes in symmetry-broken AuAg nanowire dimers. Nanoscale 7:4935–4941

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Li Z, Cakmakyapan S, Butun B, Daskalaki C, Tzortzakis S, Yang X, Ozbay E (2014) Fano resonances in THz metamaterials composed of continuous metallic wires and split ring resonators. Opt Express 22:26572–26584

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chen F, Alemu N, Johnston RL (2011) Collective plasmon modes in a compositionally asymmetric nanoparticle dimer. AIP Adv 1:032134

    Google Scholar 

  19. Brown LV, Sobhani H, Lassiter JB, Nordlander P, Halas NJ (2010) Heterodimers: plasmonic properties of mismatched nanoparticle pairs. ACS Nano 4:819–832

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Slaughter LS, Wu Y, Willingham BA, Nordlander P, Link S (2010) Effects of symmetry breaking and conductive contact on the plasmon coupling in gold nanorod dimers. ACS Nano 4:4657–4666

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Huang C-P, Yin X-G, Kong L-B, Zhu Y-Y (2010) Interactions of nanorod particles in the strong coupling regime. J Phys Chem C 114:21123–21131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Encina ER, Coronado EA (2010) On the far field optical properties of Ag−Au nanosphere pairs. J Phys Chem C 114:16278–16284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Abdulla HM, Thomas R, Swathi RS (2018) Overwhelming analogies between plasmon hybridization theory and molecular orbital theory revealed: the story of plasmonic heterodimers. J Phys Chem C 122:7382–7388

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Göeken K, Subramaniam V, Gill R (2015) Enhancing spectral shifts of plasmon-coupled noble metal nanoparticles for sensing applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17:422–427

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hao F, Nordlander P, Sonnefraud Y, Dorpe PV, Maier SA (2009) Tunability of subradiant dipolar and Fano-type plasmon resonances in metallic ring/disk cavities: implications for nanoscale optical sensing. ACS Nano 3:643–652

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Sonnefraud Y, Verellen N, Sobhani H, Vandenbosch GAE, Moshchalkov VV, van Dorpe P, Nordlander P, Maier SA (2010) Experimental realization of subradiant, superradiant, and Fano resonances in ring/disk plasmonic nanocavities. ACS Nano 4:1664–1670

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Fang Z, Cai J, Yan Z, Nordlander P, Halas NJ, Zhu X (2011) Removing a wedge from a metallic nanodisk reveals a Fano resonance. Nano Lett 11:4475–4479

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Khan AD, Miano G (2014) Investigation of plasmonic resonances in mismatched gold nanocone dimers. Plasmonics 9:35–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wu D, Jiang S, Cheng Y, Liu X (2012) Fano-like resonance in symmetry-broken gold nanotube dimer. Opt Express 20:26559–26567

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Qiu J, Xie M, Lyu Z, Gilroy KD, Liu H, Xia Y (2019) General approach to the synthesis of heterodimers of metal nanoparticles through site-selected protection and growth. Nano Lett 19:6703–6708

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bigelow NW, Vaschillo A, Camden JP, Masiello DJ (2013) Signatures of Fano interferences in the electron energy loss spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence of symmetry-broken nanorod dimers. ACS Nano 7:4511–4519

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Tsai CY, Lin JW, Wu CY, Lin PT, Lu TW, Lee PT (2012) Plasmonic coupling in gold nanoring dimers: observation of coupled bonding mode. Nano Lett 12:1648–1654

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Forcherio GT, Blake P, DeJarnette D, Roper DK (2014) Nanoring structure, spacing, and local dielectric sensitivity for plasmonic resonances in Fano resonant square lattices. Opt Express 22:17791–17803

    Google Scholar 

  34. Koya AN, Ji B, Hao Z, Lin J (2016) Controlling optical field enhancement of a nanoring dimer for plasmon-based applications. J Opt 18:055007

    Google Scholar 

  35. Devaraj V, Choi J, Kim C-S, Oh J-W, Hwang Y-H (2018) Numerical analysis of nanogap effects in metallic nano-disk and nano-sphere dimers: high near-field enhancement with large gap sizes. J Korean Phys Soc 72:599–603

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Jain PK, El-Sayed MA (2010) Plasmonic coupling in noble metal nanostructures. Chem Phys Lett 487:153–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bordley JA, Hooshmand N, El-Sayed MA (2015) The coupling between gold or silver nanocubes in their homo-dimers: a new coupling mechanism at short separation distances. Nano Lett 15:3391–3397

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hooshmand N, Mousavi HS, Panikkanvalappil SR, Adibi A, El-Sayed MA (2017) High-sensitivity molecular sensing using plasmonic nanocube chains in classical and quantum coupling regimes. Nano Today 17:14–22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Le KQ, Alù A, Bai J (2015) Multiple Fano interferences in a plasmonic metamolecule consisting of asymmetric metallic nanodimers. J Appl Phys 117:023118

    Google Scholar 

  40. Lassiter JB, Sobhani H, Knight MW, Mielczarek WS, Nordlander P, Halas NJ (2012) Designing and deconstructing the Fano lineshape in plasmonic nanoclusters. Nano Lett 12:1058–1062

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Bachelier G, Russier-Antoine I, Benichou E, Jonin C, Del Fatti N et al (2008) Fano profiles induced by near-field coupling in heterogeneous dimers of gold and silver nanoparticles. Phys Rev Lett 101:197401

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Lombardi A, Grzelczak MP, Pertreux E, Crut A, Maioli P, Pastoriza-Santos I, Liz-Marzán LM, Vallée F, del Fatti N (2016) Fano interference in the optical absorption of an individual gold–silver nanodimer. Nano Lett 16:6311–6316

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Teo SL, Lin VK, Marty R, Large N, Llado EA, Arbouet A, Girard C, Aizpurua J, Tripathy S, Mlayah A (2010) Gold nanoring trimers: a versatile structure for infrared sensing. Opt Express 18:22271–22282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Koya AN, Lin J (2016) Bonding and charge transfer plasmons of conductively bridged nanoparticles: the effects of junction conductance and nanoparticle morphology. J Appl Phys 120:093105

    Google Scholar 

  45. Prodan E, Radloff C, Halas NJ, Nordlander P (2003) A hybridization model for the plasmon response of complex nanostructures. Science 302:419–422

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Niu L, Zhang JB, Fu YH, Kulkarni S, Anchuk B (2011) Fano resonance in dual-disk ring plasmonic nanostructures. Opt Express 19:22974–22981

    Google Scholar 

  47. Zhang X, Liu F, Yan X, Liang L (2020) Multipolar Fano resonances in concentric semi-disk ring cavities. Optik 200:163416

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Ding Y, Liao Z (2015) Asymmetric split nanorings for Fano induced plasmonic sensor in visible region. Phys B Condens Matter 464:51–56

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. He J, Fan C, Wang J, Ding P, Cai G, Cheng Y, Zhu S, Liang E (2013) A giant localized field enhancement and high sensitivity in an asymmetric ring by exhibiting Fano resonance. J Opt 15:025007

    Google Scholar 

  50. Wu X, Dou C, Xu W, Zhang G, Tian R, Liu H (2019) Multiple Fano resonances in nanorod and nanoring hybrid nanostructures. Chin Phys B 28:014204

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Johnson PB, Christy RW (1972) Optical constants of the noble metals. Phys Rev B 6:4370–4379

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Palk ED (1985) Handbook of optical constants of solids, vol 3. Academic Press, p 804

  53. Cui J, Ji B, Song X, Lin J (2019) Efficient modulation of multipolar Fano resonances in asymmetric ring-disk/split-ring-disk nanostructure. Plasmonics 14:41–52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Schmidt FP, Ditlbacher H, Hofer F, Krenn JR, Hohenester U (2014) Morphing a plasmonic nanodisk into a nanotriangle. Nano Lett 14:4810–4815

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Koya AN, Ji B, Hao Z, Lin J (2015) Resonance hybridization and near field properties of strongly coupled plasmonic ring dimer-rod nanosystem. J Appl Phys 118:113101

    Google Scholar 

  56. Kasani S, Zheng P, Wu N (2018) Tailoring optical properties of a large-area plasmonic gold nanoring array pattern. J Phys Chem C 122:13443–13449

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Aizpurua J, Hanarp P, Sutherland DS, Käll M, Bryant GW, García de Abajo FJ (2003) Optical properties of gold nanorings. Phys Rev Lett 90:057401

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Ye J, Van Dorpe P, Lagae L, Maes G, Borghs G (2009) Observation of plasmonic dipolar anti-bonding mode in silver nanoring structures. Nanotechnology 20:465203

    Google Scholar 

  59. Tsai C-Y, Chang K-H, Wu C-Y, Lee P-T (2013) The aspect ratio effect on plasmonic properties and biosensing of bonding mode in gold elliptical nanoring arrays. Opt Express 21:14090–14096

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Wang W, Yu P, Zhong Z, Tong X, Liu T, Li Y, Ashalley E, Chen H, Wu J, Wang Z (2018) Size-dependent longitudinal plasmon resonance wavelength and extraordinary scattering properties of Au nanobipyramids. Nanotechnology 29:355402

    Google Scholar 

  61. Feng HY, Luo F, Meneses-Rodríguez D, Armelles G, Cebollada A (2015) From disk to ring: aspect ratio control of the magnetoplasmonic response in au/co/au nanostructures fabricated by hole-mask colloidal lithography. Appl Phys Lett 106:083105

    Google Scholar 

  62. Wang L, Liu Z, Yi X, Zhang Y, Li H, Li J, Wang G (2016) Analysis of symmetry breaking configurations in metal nanocavities: identification of resonances for generating high-order magnetic modes and multiple tunable magnetic-electric Fano resonances. J Appl Phys 119:173106

    Google Scholar 

  63. Li G, Hu H, Wu L (2019) Tailoring Fano lineshapes using plasmonic nanobars for highly sensitive sensing and directional emission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 21:252–259

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Chahinez D, Reji T, Andreas R (2018) Modeling of the surface plasmon resonance tunability of silver/gold core–shell nanostructures. RSC Adv 8:19616–19626

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Peña-Rodríguez O, Pal U, Campoy-Quiles M, Rodríguez-Fernández L, Garriga M, Alonso MI (2011) Enhanced Fano resonance in asymmetrical Au:Ag heterodimers. J Phys Chem C 115:6410–6414

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (91850109, 61775021, 11474040); Education Department of Jilin Province (JJKH20181104KJ, JJKH20190555KJ); “111” Project of China (D17017); and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China

    Bereket Dalga Dana, Xiaowei Song & Jingquan Lin

  2. Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy

    Alemayehu Nana Koya

Authors
  1. Bereket Dalga Dana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alemayehu Nana Koya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiaowei Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jingquan Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xiaowei Song or Jingquan Lin.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dana, B.D., Koya, A.N., Song, X. et al. Effect of Symmetry Breaking on Plasmonic Coupling in Nanoring Dimers. Plasmonics 15, 1977–1988 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-020-01178-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-020-01178-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation