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Treatment of MOG antibody associated disorders: results of an international survey

  • Original Communication
  • Published:
Journal of Neurology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

While monophasic and relapsing forms of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disorders (MOGAD) are increasingly diagnosed world-wide, consensus on management is yet to be developed.

Objective

To survey the current global clinical practice of clinicians treating MOGAD.

Method

Neurologists worldwide with expertise in treating MOGAD participated in an online survey (February–April 2019).

Results

Fifty-two responses were received (response rate 60.5%) from 86 invited experts, comprising adult (78.8%, 41/52) and paediatric (21.2%, 11/52) neurologists in 22 countries. All treat acute attacks with high dose corticosteroids. If recovery is incomplete, 71.2% (37/52) proceed next to plasma exchange (PE). 45.5% (5/11) of paediatric neurologists use IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) in preference to PE. Following an acute attack, 55.8% (29/52) of respondents typically continue corticosteroids for ≥ 3 months; though less commonly when treating children. After an index event, 60% (31/51) usually start steroid-sparing maintenance therapy (MT); after ≥ 2 attacks 92.3% (48/52) would start MT. Repeat MOG antibody status is used by 52.9% (27/51) to help decide on MT initiation. Commonly used first line MTs in adults are azathioprine (30.8%, 16/52), mycophenolate mofetil (25.0%, 13/52) and rituximab (17.3%, 9/52). In children, IVIg is the preferred first line MT (54.5%; 6/11). Treatment response is monitored by MRI (53.8%; 28/52), optical coherence tomography (23.1%; 12/52) and MOG antibody titres (36.5%; 19/52). Regardless of monitoring results, 25.0% (13/52) would not stop MT.

Conclusion

Current treatment of MOGAD is highly variable, indicating a need for consensus-based treatment guidelines, while awaiting definitive clinical trials.

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Availability of data and material

The survey can be viewed in its original format in the online supplementary material. Complete results are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

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Funding

The UK Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnostic and Advisory Service is funded by the Highly Specialised Commissioning Division of NHS England. There was no formal sponsorship for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK

    D. H. Whittam, V. Karthikeayan, E. Gibbons, T. Solomon, S. Huda & A. Jacob

  2. Department of Paediatric Neurology, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK

    R. Kneen

  3. Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

    S. Chandratre, J. Palace & M. I. Leite

  4. Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    O. Ciccarelli & Y. Hacohen

  5. Department of Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK

    Y. Hacohen

  6. Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CHU de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepiere, Strasbourg, France

    J. de Seze

  7. Department of Paediatric Neurology, CHU Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France

    K. Deiva

  8. Department of Neurology, MS Centre ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    R. Q. Hintzen

  9. Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    B. Wildemann & S. Jarius

  10. Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany

    I. Kleiter

  11. Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke, Berg, Germany

    I. Kleiter

  12. Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital Datteln, Witten/Herdrecke University, Datteln, Germany

    K. Rostasy

  13. Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany

    P. Huppke

  14. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    B. Hemmer

  15. Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany

    B. Hemmer

  16. NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    F. Paul

  17. Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    O. Aktas

  18. Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    A. K. Pröbstel

  19. Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Department of Medicine and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    A. K. Pröbstel

  20. Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, (Cemcat), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    G. Arrambide & M. Tintore

  21. Department NEUROFARBA, Neurosciences Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    M. P. Amato

  22. IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy

    M. P. Amato

  23. Paediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy

    M. Nosadini

  24. Department of Medical and Surgical Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy

    M. M. Mancardi

  25. Department of Neurology and Regional Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University Hospital San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy

    M. Capobianco

  26. Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

    Z. Illes

  27. Department of Neurology, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

    A. Siva

  28. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey

    A. Altintas

  29. Department of Neurology, Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey

    G. Akman-Demir

  30. Department of Neurology, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

    L. Pandit

  31. Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology, Prasat Neurological Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand

    M. Apiwattankul

  32. Department of Neurology, Penang General Hospital, Penang, Malaysia

    J. Y. Hor

  33. Department of Neurology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Ministry of Health of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    S. Viswanathan

  34. Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

    W. Qiu

  35. Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea

    H. J. Kim

  36. Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan

    I. Nakashima

  37. Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine and Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Japan

    K. Fujihara

  38. MS and NMO Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience (STRINS), Koriyama, Japan

    K. Fujihara

  39. Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    S. Ramanathan & R. C. Dale

  40. Neuroimmunology Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children’s Hospital At Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    S. Ramanathan & R. C. Dale

  41. Department of Neurology, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia

    M. Boggild

  42. School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia

    S. Broadley

  43. CIEM MS Research Center, Federal University of Minas Gerais Medical School, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    M. A. Lana-Peixoto

  44. Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    D. K. Sato

  45. Department of Neurology, National Pediatric Hospital Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    S. Tenembaum

  46. Department of Neurology, Pierre Zobda Quitman Hospital, Fort-de-France, France

    P. Cabre

  47. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA

    D. M. Wingerchuk

  48. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    B. G. Weinshenker

  49. Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    B. Greenberg

  50. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    M. Matiello, E. C. Klawiter & M. Levy

  51. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

    J. L. Bennett

  52. Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    A. I. Wallach & I. Kister

  53. Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    B. L. Banwell

  54. Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    A. Traboulsee

  55. Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    D. Pohl

  56. Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

    R. Marignier

  57. National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

    T. Solomon

  58. Children’s Neuroscience, Evelina London Children’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

    M. Lim

  59. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    M. Lim

  60. Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    A. Jacob

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  1. D. H. Whittam
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  2. V. Karthikeayan
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  6. O. Ciccarelli
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  7. Y. Hacohen
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  8. J. de Seze
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  9. K. Deiva
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  10. R. Q. Hintzen
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  11. B. Wildemann
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  12. S. Jarius
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  13. I. Kleiter
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  14. K. Rostasy
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  17. F. Paul
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  18. O. Aktas
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  19. A. K. Pröbstel
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  20. G. Arrambide
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  22. M. P. Amato
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. H. Whittam.

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Conflicts of interest

D.H. Whittam, E.Gibbons, V. Karthikeayan, R. Kneen, S. Chandratre, J. de Seze, K. Deiva, R.Q. Hintzen, I. Kleiter, K. Rostasy, P. Huppke, F. Paul, A.K. Pröbstel, M.P. Amato, M. Nosadini, M.M. Mancardi, Z. Illes, A. Siva, G. Akman-Demir, L. Pandit, M. Apiwattankul, J.Y. Hor, S. Viswanathan, W. Qiu, H.J. Kim, I. Nakashima, R.C. Dale, M. Boggild, S. Broadley, M.A. Lana-Peixoto, P. Cabre, B.G. Weinshenker, B. Greenberg, M. Matiello, E.C. Klawiter, J.L. Bennett, A.I. Wallach, I. Kister, B.L. Banwell, D. Pohl, M.Levy, M.I. Leite, T. Solomon: nothing to disclose. O. Ciccarelli is a consultant for Roche, Novartis, Teva, Biogen and Merck. B Wildemann has received research grants and/or honoria from Merck Serono, Biogen, Teva, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Bayer Healthcare, and research grants from Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Dietmar Hopp Foundation and the Klaus Tschira Foundation. S. Jarius’s work was indirectly supported by research grants from Dietmar Hopp Stiftung and from Merck Serono. I.Kleiter has received speaker honoraria and travel funding from Bayer, Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Sanofi Genzyme, Roche; speaker honoraria from Mylan; travel funding from the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation; consulted for Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chugai, IQVIA, Novartis, Merck, Roche; and research support from Chugai, Diamed. B. Hemmer has served on scientific advisory boards for F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis, and Bayer AG; he has served as DMSC member for AllergyCare and TG Therapeutics; he or his institution have received speaker honoraria from Medimmune, Novartis, Desitin, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; his institution has received research support from Chugai Pharmaceuticals; holds part of two patents; one for the detection of antibodies and T cells against KIR4.1 in a subpopulation of MS patients and one for genetic determinants of neutralizing antibodies to interferon β. O. Aktas reports grants from the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), grants and personal fees from Bayer HealthCare, Biogen, Genzyme, Novartis, Teva and Viela Bio, and personal fees from Almirall, MedImmune, Merck Serono and Roche. G. Arrambide has received compensation for consulting services or participation in advisory boards from Sanofi, Merck, and Roche; research support from Novartis; travel expenses for scientific meetings from Novartis, Roche, Stendhal, and ECTRIMS; and speaking honoraria from Sanofi, Merck, and Novartis. M. Tintore has received compensation for consulting services and speaking honoraria from Almirall, Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen-Idec, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Teva Pharmaceuticals. MT is co-editor of Multiple Sclerosis Journal-ETC. M. Capobianco received personal honoraria for speaking at meeting or participating in advisory boards from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Teva. A. Altintas received travel grants and/or speaker honoraria from Merck, Generica and Novartis. H.J. Kim received research support from the Ministry of Science and ICT, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Teva-Handok, and UCB; received consultancy/speaker fees from Celltrion, Eisai, HanAll BioPharma, MedImmune, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva-Handok, and UCB; serves on a steering committee for MedImmune/VielaBio; is a co-editor for the Multiple Sclerosis Journal—Experimental, Translational, and Clinical, and an associated editor for the Journal of Clinical Neurology. K. Fujihara received consultancy/speaker fees: Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Chugai, Asahi Kasei Medical, Biogen, Eisai, Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma, Nihon, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, ONO Pharmaceutical, Takeda, and Teijin. S. Ramanathan has received an Early Career Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia). D.K. Sato has received a Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI 15K19472); research support from CNPq/Brasil (425331/2016-4), FAPERGS/MS/CNPq/SESRS (17/2551-0001391-3) PPSUS/Brazil, TEVA (research grant for EMOCEMP Investigator Initiated Study), and Euroimmun AG (Neuroimmunological Complications associated with Arboviruses); and speaker honoraria from Biogen, Novartis, Genzyme, TEVA, Merck-Serono, Roche, and Bayer and has participated in advisory boards for Shire, Roche, TEVA, Merck-Serono and Quest/Athena Diagnostics. S. Tenembaum serves as a non-remunerated editorial board member of Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation. She has received speaker and consulting fees from Biogen-Idec Argentina, Merck Serono LATAM, Genzyme-Sanofi, Novartis, and Teva Neuroscience during the last 3 years. D.M. Wingerchuk received grant support paid to Mayo Clinic from Alexion and TerumoBCT, consultant fees from MedImmune, Celgene, Novartis, and ONO Pharmaceuticals. A. Traboulsee: has received research funding from Chugai, Roche, and Sanofi Genzyme; received honoraria or travel support from Consortium of MS Centers, MS Society of Canada, Biogen, Teva, Roche, Merck/EMD Serono, Sanofi Genzyme, Chugai. J. Palace is partly funded by highly specialised services to run a national congenital myasthenia service and a neuromyelitis optica service. She has received support for scientific meetings and honorariums for advisory work from Merck Serono, Biogen Idec, Novartis, Teva, Chugai Pharma and Bayer Schering, Alexion, Roche, Genzyme, MedImmune, EuroImmun, MedDay, Abide ARGENX, UCB and Viela Bio and grants from Merck Serono, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Abide, MedImmune, Bayer Schering, Genzyme, Chugai and Alexion. She has received grants from the MS society, Guthrie Jackson Foundation, NIHR, Oxford Health Services Research Committee, EDEN, MRC, GMSI, John Fell and Myaware for research studies. R. Marignier serves on the scientific advisory board for Novartis and Medimmune; received speaker honoraria and travel funding from Novartis, Biogen, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, Merck. M. Lim has received consultation fees from CSL Behring; received travel grants from Merck Serono; and was awarded educational grants to organize meetings by Novartis, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono and Bayer. S. Huda has received research support from the Neuromyelitis Optica UK charity. A. Jacob served on the scientific advisory board for Shire Pharmaceuticals; received travel funding and/or speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Shire, and Terumo BCT; consulted for Shire Pharmaceuticals; and received research support from Biogen, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, NHS, and University of Liverpool.

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Whittam, D.H., Karthikeayan, V., Gibbons, E. et al. Treatment of MOG antibody associated disorders: results of an international survey. J Neurol 267, 3565–3577 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10026-y

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