Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Single crystal martensitic phase of structural properties-related magnetic behaviour of FeCrNi thin films: in-plane magnetic anisotropy under different substrate rotation speeds

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ternary FeCrNi thin films were sputtered on polyimide substrates from the source (austenitic AISI 304 stainless steel) under the substrate rotation speeds of 0, 15, 30 and 45 rpm, respectively. The films with 50 nm thickness were sputtered at 0.9 nm/s. To the elemental measurements, while the Fe content slightly varied, Ni increased and Cr content decreased as the rotation speed increased. And, all films have a single crystal of (110) peak at the angle of 2θ ≈ 44.7° which is body-centred tetragonal (bct) martensitic α′-phase. Also, the peak intensity of (110) slightly varied as a result of changes of FeCrNi martensitic alloy contents in the films. Moreover, increasing substrate rotation speed resulted in a decrease in grain size. The morphologic analysis by a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscopy displayed a more homogenous structure and the decrease of film roughness parameters with increasing of rotation speed, respectively. For magnetic measurements, the saturation magnetisation, Ms increased from 995 to 1172 emu/cm3 and the coercivity, Hc decreased from 88 to 52 Oe with the increase of rotation speed. In the films, the increases of the martensitic structure formations and the decrease of the grain size were observed to have probably caused the increase of the MS values and the decrease of the HC values, respectively. As observed from the XRD results, ferromagnetic behaviour of the films may be due to the martensitic phase since austenitic phase has a weak paramagnetic behaviour as a source material at room temperature. From the parallel and perpendicular hysteresis loops, the films can also be obtained to have uniaxial in-plane anisotropy with increasing rotation speed. It is seen that the film properties can be easily varied by changing rotation speed for potentially new device applications such as spintronics, magnetic hetero-structures, magnetic separators, etc. on flexible substrates.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J.R. Davis, ASM Specialty Handbook Nickel, Cobalt, and Their Alloys (ASM International, Metals Park, 2000), pp. 3–13

    Google Scholar 

  2. C.A.C. Sequeira, High Temperature Corrosion: Fundamentals and Engineering (Wiley, Hoboken, 2019), pp. 31–44

    Google Scholar 

  3. B.D. Cullity, C.D. Graham, Introduction to Magnetic Materials, 2nd edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 2008), pp. 175–237

    Google Scholar 

  4. D. Jiles, Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 1st edn. (CRC Press, Arnes, 2015), pp. 69–80

    Google Scholar 

  5. M. Ohring, Materials Science of Thin Films, 2nd edn. (Elsevier, San Diego, 2002), pp. 103–105

    Google Scholar 

  6. B. Heinrich, J.A.C. Bland, Ultrathin Magnetic Structures IV: Applications of Nanomagnetism (Springer, Berlin, 2006), pp. 5–55

    Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Liao, Practical electron microscopy and database. (2018). http://www.globalsino.com/EM/. Accessed 29 May 2020

  8. R. Pereira, P.C. Camargo, A.J.A. de Oliveira, E.C. Pereira, Surf. Coat. Technol. 311(1), 274–281 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Xiao, Y. Liu, Z. Tang, L. Wu, Y. Zeng, Y. Xu, Y. He, J. R. Soc. Chem. 2016(6), 51096–51105 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Y. Cao, C. Zhou, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 333(1), 1–7 (2013)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. R. Ferrando, J. Jellinek, R.L. Johnston, Chem. Rev. 108(3), 845–904 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  12. H. Kockar, J. Supercond. Inc. Novel Magn. 17(4), 531–536 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. H. Köçkar, N. Kaplan, A. Karpuz, H. Kuru, B. Kaya, J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 38(8), 2457–2465 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  14. S. Logothetidis, Nanoscience and Technology: Nanostructured Materials and Their Applications (Springer, Berlin, 2012), pp. 105–108

    Google Scholar 

  15. D. Shi, B. Aktas, L. Pust, F. Mikailov, Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and Their Applications (Springer, Berlin, 2002), pp. 129–144

    Google Scholar 

  16. J.P. Eymery, R. Krishnan, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 104(1), 1785–1786 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. Eymery, G. Laplanche, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 93(1), 179–182 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. N. Kaplan, H. Köçkar, A. Karpuz, H. Kuru, M. Uckun, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 476(1), 597–603 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. F. Delogu, Acta Mater. 59(2011), 2069–2074 (2011)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. I. Meszaros, J. Prohaszka, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 161(1), 162–168 (2005)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. B.D. Cullity, S.R. Stock, Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 3rd edn. (Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  22. H. Kockar, T. Meydan, Physica B 321(1–4), 124–128 (2002)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Balikesir University Research financially supported this work under Grant No: BAP 2016/132. Also, Turkish State Planning Organization financially supported this study for Sputtering and VSM systems under Grant no 2005K120170. For the EDX and SEM measurements Advanced Technology Research and Application Centre, Selçuk University, Turkey, and for XRD measurements, Scientific and Technological Researches Application Centre, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Turkey are greatly acknowledged. Dr. A. Karpuz1, Dr. O. Karaagac2, Dr. H. Kuru2, M. Uçkun2 (1Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University and 2Balikesir University, Turkey) are greatly thanked for their help.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, Science and Literature Faculty, Balikesir University, Cagis Campus, 10145, Balikesir, Turkey

    Hakan Köçkar & Nadir Kaplan

Authors
  1. Hakan Köçkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nadir Kaplan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hakan Köçkar.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Köçkar, H., Kaplan, N. Single crystal martensitic phase of structural properties-related magnetic behaviour of FeCrNi thin films: in-plane magnetic anisotropy under different substrate rotation speeds. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 31, 12823–12829 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03835-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03835-4

Search

Navigation