Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electron beam welding behavior of a 5083-H15 alloy containing Zr and Sc

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Welding in the World Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study discusses the effects of the addition of Sc and Zr on the microstructure, and mechanical and corrosion properties of an electron beam welded 5083-H15 alloy. The results show that the addition of Sc and Zr to a 5083 alloy exerted a remarkable effect on grain refinement resulting in an enhancement of the mechanical properties. Moreover, the addition of Sc and Zr prompted precipitation of Al3 (Sc, Zr) precipitate in the heat-affected zone during the electron beam welding, thereby hindering the movement of dislocations and inhibiting recrystallization, effectively improving the tensile strength, joint efficiency, and hardness of the welded joint. Combined additions of Sc and Zr to a 5083 alloy led to a remarkable enhancement in the resistance to intergranular corrosion at the weld joints as determined via nitric acid mass loss tests for a reduction from 9.72 to 3.61 mg/cm2. The main reason for the improvement in corrosion resistance is the addition of Sc and Zr. Recrystallization at the welded joint was inhibited by the formation of the Al3 (Sc, Zr) phase during the electron beam welding which acted to suppress the formation of the β phase along the grain boundaries in the welded zone.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sielski RA (2008) Research needs in aluminum structure. Ships Offshore Struct 3:57–65

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wahid MA, Siddiquee AN, Khan ZA (2020) Aluminum alloys in marine construction: characteristics, application, and problems from a fabrication viewpoint. Mar Syst Ocean Technol 15:70–80

    Google Scholar 

  3. Goswami R, Spanos G, Pao PS, Holtz RL (2010) Precipitation behavior of the β phase in Al-5083. Mat Sci Eng A-Stuct 527:1089–1095

    Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang R, Knight S, Holtz R, Goswami R, Davies C, Birbilis N (2016) A survey of sensitization in 5xxx series aluminum alloys. Corrosion 72:144–159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Crane CB, Gangloff RP (2015) Stress corrosion cracking of Al-Mg alloy 5083 sensitized at low temperature. Corrosion 72:221–241

    Google Scholar 

  6. Yin Z, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Jiang F (2000) Effect of minor Sc and Zr on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Mg based alloys. Mat Sci Eng A-Stuct 280:151–155

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fuller CB, Seidman DN, Dunand DC (2003) Mechanical properties of Al (Sc, Zr) alloys at ambient and elevated temperatures. Acta Mater 51:4803–4814

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ikeshita S, Strodahs A, Saghi Z, Yamada K, Burdet P, Hata S, Ikeda K-i, Midgley PA, Kaneko K (2016) Hardness and microstructural variation of Al–Mg–Mn–Sc–Zr alloy. Micron 82:1–8

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Deng Y, Yin Z, Zhao K, Duan J, Hu J, He Z (2012) Effects of Sc and Zr microalloying additions and aging time at 120° C on the corrosion behaviour of an Al–Zn–Mg alloy. Corros Sci 65:288–298

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu J, Yao P, Zhao N, Shi C, Li H, Li X, Xi D, Yang S (2016) Effect of minor Sc and Zr on recrystallization behavior and mechanical properties of novel Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. J Alloys Compd 657:717–725

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Li Z, Zhang Z, Chen XG (2018) Improvement in the mechanical properties and creep resistance of Al-Mn-Mg 3004 alloy with Sc and Zr addition. Mat Sci Eng A-Stuct 729:196–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lai J, Zhang Z, Chen XG (2012) The thermal stability of mechanical properties of Al–B4C composites alloyed with Sc and Zr at elevated temperatures. Mat Sci Eng A-Stuct 532:462–470

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Qin J, Zhang Z, Chen XG (2016) Mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of Al-15 Pct B4C composites with Sc and Zr at elevated temperatures. Metall Mater Trans A 47:4694–4708

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Çam G, İpekoğlu G (2017) Recent developments in joining of aluminum alloys. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 91:1851–1866

    Google Scholar 

  15. Guo Y, Pan H, Ren L, Quan G (2018) An investigation on plasma-MIG hybrid welding of 5083 aluminum alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 98:1433–1440

    Google Scholar 

  16. Peng X, Cao X, Xu G, Deng Y, Tang L, Yin Z (2016) Mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and microstructures of a MIG-welded 7020 al alloy. J Mater Eng Perform 25:1028–1040

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang X, Mao S, Chen P, Liu Y, Ning J, Li H, Zang K, Zhang Z, Han X (2016) Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of a dissimilar aluminium alloy weldment. Mater Des 90:230–237

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Li S, Dong H, Shi L, Li P, Ye F (2017) Corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg aluminum alloy weld. Corros Sci 123:243–255

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hakem M, Lebaili S, Miroud J, Bentaleb A, Toukali S (2012) Welding and characterization of 5083 aluminum alloy. Metal 5:23–25

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lyndon J, Gupta RK, Gibson MA, Birbilis N (2013) Electrochemical behaviour of the β-phase intermetallic (Mg2Al3) as a function of pH as relevant to corrosion of aluminium–magnesium alloys. Corros Sci 70:290–293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Huang Y, Li Y, Xiao Z, Liu Y, Huang Y, Ren X (2016) Effect of homogenization on the corrosion behavior of 5083-H321 aluminum alloy. J Alloys Compd 673:73–79

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yan J, Hodge AM (2017) Study of β precipitation and layer structure formation in Al 5083: the role of dispersoids and grain boundaries. J Alloys Compd 703:242–250

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Acherjee B (2018) Hybrid laser arc welding: state-of-art review. Opt Laser Technol 99:60–71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Murphy J, Huber R, Lever W (1990) Joint preparation for electron beam welding thin aluminum alloy 5083. Weld J 69:125–132

    Google Scholar 

  25. Çam G, Ventzke V, Dos Santos J, Koçak M, Jennequin G, Gonthier-Maurin P (1999) Characterisation of electron beam welded aluminium alloys. Sci Technol Weld Join 4:317–323

    Google Scholar 

  26. Węglowski MS, Błacha S, Phillips A (2016) Electron beam welding–techniques and trends–review. Vacuum 130:72–92

    Google Scholar 

  27. Wang S, Wu X (2012) Investigation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints with electron beam welding. Mater Des 36:663–670

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang Y, Wang T, Jiang S, Zhang B, Wang Y, Feng J (2017) Microstructure evolution and embrittlement of electron beam welded TZM alloy joint. Mat Sci Eng A-Stuct 700:512–518

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ahn J, He E, Chen L, Dear J, Davies C (2017) The effect of Ar and He shielding gas on fibre laser weld shape and microstructure in AA 2024-T3. J Manuf Process 29:62–73

    Google Scholar 

  30. Huang L, Wu D, Hua X, Liu S, Jiang Z, Li F, Wang H, Shi S (2018) Effect of the welding direction on the microstructural characterization in fiber laser-GMAW hybrid welding of 5083 aluminum alloy. J Manuf Process 31:514–522

    Google Scholar 

  31. Zhu C, Tang X, He Y, Lu F, Cui H (2018) Effect of preheating on the defects and microstructure in NG-GMA welding of 5083 Al-alloy. J Mater Process Technol 251:214–224

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gaur V, Enoki M, Okada T, Yomogida S (2018) A study on fatigue behavior of MIG-welded Al-Mg alloy with different filler-wire materials under mean stress. Int J Fatigue 107:119–129

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ye Z, Huang J, Gao W, Zhang Y, Cheng Z, Chen S, Yang J (2017) Microstructure and mechanical properties of 5052 aluminum alloy/mild steel butt joint achieved by MIG-TIG double-sided arc welding-brazing. Mater Des 123:69–79

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mondol S, Kashyap S, Kumar S, Chattopadhyay K (2018) Improvement of high temperature strength of 2219 alloy by Sc and Zr addition through a novel three-stage heat treatment route. Mat Sci Eng A-Stuct 732:157–166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Fuller CB, Krause AR, Dunand DC, Seidman DN (2002) Microstructure and mechanical properties of a 5754 aluminum alloy modified by Sc and Zr additions. Mat Sci Eng A-Stuct 338:8–16

    Google Scholar 

  36. Li JH, Oberdorfer B, Wurster S, Schumacher P (2014) Impurity effects on the nucleation and growth of primary Al3(Sc,Zr) phase in Al alloys. J Mater Sci 49:5961–5977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Liu CY, Teng GB, Ma ZY, Wei LL, Zhang B, Chen Y (2019) Effects of Sc and Zr microalloying on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high Cu content 7xxx Al alloy. Int J Miner Metall Mater 26:1559–1569

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Lohar AK, Mondal B, Rafaja D, Klemm V, Panigrahi SC (2009) Microstructural investigations on as-cast and annealed Al-Sc and Al-Sc-Zr alloys. Mater Charact 60:1387–1394

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Wang K, Yin D, Zhao YC, Atrens A, Zhao MC (2020) Microstructural evolution upon heat treatments and its effect on corrosion in Al-Zn-Mg alloys containing Sc and Zr. J Mater Res Technol 9:5077–5089

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Jin H (2019) Optimization of aluminum alloy AA5083 for superplastic and quick plastic forming. Metall Mater Trans A 50:3868–3890

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Jones R, Baer D, Danielson M, Vetrano J (2001) Role of Mg in the stress corrosion cracking of an Al-Mg alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 32:1699–1711

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Instrumentation Center at National Tsing Hua University for the assistance in Cs-TEM analysis and thank Dr. Li-Wei Tseng for assisting SEM analysis.

Funding

The authors received financial support from the National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology under Contract No. NCSIST-1164-V402(108).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Power Vehicle and Systems Engineering, Chung-Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan City, 33551, Taiwan

    Yu-Chih Tzeng

  2. Department of Marine Mechanical Engineering, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Kaohsiung City, 81345, Taiwan

    Ren-Yu Chen

Authors
  1. Yu-Chih Tzeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ren-Yu Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu-Chih Tzeng.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Recommended for publication by Commission IX - Behaviour of Metals Subjected to Welding

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tzeng, YC., Chen, RY. Electron beam welding behavior of a 5083-H15 alloy containing Zr and Sc. Weld World 64, 1737–1747 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-00952-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-00952-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation