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Glucose oxidation reaction at palladium-carbon nano-onions in alkaline media

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Abstract

The glucose oxidation reaction, at Pd on unsupported carbon nano-onions (Pd/CNOs), has been studied by using physical and electrochemical characterization techniques. The rotating disk slurry electrode (RoDSE) technique was used for the Pd electrodeposition at the carbon support. The Pd/CNO catalyst was compared with the optimized RoDSE-prepared Pd/Vulcan XC-72R nanoflake catalyst for the glucose oxidation reaction by using different physical and electrochemical characterization techniques. Powder XRD analysis verified the effect of the carbon support material on the Pd crystallinity and size nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to understand the chemical structure of each carbon support before and after the Pd electrodeposition. The surface area and porosity of both Pd/C catalysts and their respective carbon substrates were investigated using N2 adsorption analysis. Transmission electron microscopy images established the morphology and the sizes of the Pd/CNOs, obtaining a large dispersion of nanoparticles with an average diameter size between 35 and 40 nm, with smaller particles in the range between 2 and 10 nm. Finally, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) were used to compare the electrocatalytic activity of Pd/C, Vulcan XC-72R, and CNOs, for the glucose oxidation reaction in alkaline media. The results indicate that Pd/CNOs has the capacity to oxidize glucose in the normal glucose range between 5 and 8 mM, the normal range of glucose in human blood.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation NSF-PREM: Center for Interfacial Electrochemistry of Energy Materials (CiE2M) grant number DMR-1827622. The use of the Cornell Center for Materials Research Shared Facilities, which is supported through the NSF MRSEC grant number DMR-1719875, is greatly appreciated. LE wishes to thank the National Science Foundation, NSF-CHE 1801317, for generous support for this work and the Robert A Welch Foundation for the endowed chair, grant number AH-0033.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, 00925-2537, USA

    Carlos A. Vélez, Joesene J. Soto-Pérez, Juan Corchado-García, Eduardo Larios & Carlos R. Cabrera

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Mexico

    Eduardo Larios

  3. Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Pasquale F. Fulvio

  4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA

    Luis Echegoyen

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  1. Carlos A. Vélez
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Correspondence to Carlos R. Cabrera.

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Vélez, C.A., Soto-Pérez, J.J., Corchado-García, J. et al. Glucose oxidation reaction at palladium-carbon nano-onions in alkaline media. J Solid State Electrochem 25, 207–217 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04729-5

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