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Anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of black ginseng extract containing increased Rh4, Rg5, and Rk1 content in muscle and liver of type 2 diabetic db/db mice

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Abstract

Black ginseng (BG), which is produced by repeated steaming and drying of fresh ginseng, has various pharmacological and therapeutic properties. This study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of BG ethanolic extract in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. The levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values were decreased in the groups fed BG extract (BG) (100 and 900 mg/kg BW/day), compared to the control group (CON). In the BG compared with the CON, hepatic steatosis in the liver and the size of adipocytes in muscle tissue were improved. The administration of BG regulated the glucose transporter type (GLUT) 4 and 2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ in muscle and liver. Moreover, ginsenosides (Rh4, Rg5, and Rk1), which profiled by HPLC, regulated the markers for lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism; PPARs and GLUTs in muscle and C2C12 rather than liver cells and tissue. These findings suggested that ginsenosides (Rh4, Rg5, and Rk1) from BG extract can ameliorate type 2 diabetes through their anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS. The authors grateful to Korea University for technical support and the Korea University CJ Food Safety Center (Seoul, South Korea) for providing the equipment and facilities. This study was supported by the business of master-work for Geumsan ginseng through the Geumsangun funded by the Geumsangun Chungnam, Republic of Korea (No. 2015-403-02). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea

    Yu-Jin Jeong, Moon-Jung Hwang & Kwang-Won Lee

  2. Herbal Crop Research Division, RDA, Bisanro 92, Eumseong, Chungbuk, 27709, Republic of Korea

    Chung-Oui Hong

  3. International Ginseng & Herb Research Institute, 25 Insamgwangjang-ro, Geumsan-eup, Geumsan-gun, Chungnam, 32724, Republic of Korea

    Dae-Seok Yoo, Jin Seong Kim & Do-Yeon Kim

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  1. Yu-Jin Jeong
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  2. Moon-Jung Hwang
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  4. Dae-Seok Yoo
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Correspondence to Do-Yeon Kim or Kwang-Won Lee.

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Jeong, YJ., Hwang, MJ., Hong, CO. et al. Anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of black ginseng extract containing increased Rh4, Rg5, and Rk1 content in muscle and liver of type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 29, 1101–1112 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-020-00753-3

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