Abstract
San Bernardino kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami parvus; SBKR), an endangered subspecies, faces ongoing anthropogenic threats such as habitat loss. Their habitat has undergone strong human-mediated fragmentation, resulting in extinction of some local populations and dramatic size reduction of the remaining populations. We examined the genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeography of this subspecies using partial mitochrondrial DNA sequencing and microsatellite genotyping. Our study indicates that currently, the three remaining populations seem to be highly fragmented. Clear population structure and low level of haplotype sharing suggests that there has been no recent gene flow among populations, except in the case of human mediated gene flow as a result of a single translocation event. Diversity levels are on par with other species with fragmented distributions. Further, shallow phylogenetic divergence suggests the populations have not been diverged long enough to detect phylogenetic structure and separation is likely recent. Given the limited gene flow, low numbers of SBKR as evident by low return on trapping efforts, and low effective population size, habitat restoration and translocations may be warranted to maintain levels of diversity in a declining metapopulation.
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Acknowledgements
Funding for this project was made possible by an award from USFWS F14AC01019 to D.M.S. and O.A.R and by San Diego Zoo Global. We are grateful to Emily Gray, the Riverside Conservation Authority Biomonitoring group, especially Jen Hoffman, and Steve Montgomery for their assistance in collecting field samples. Collections were permitted by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 10A1A recovery permit 142,435-6 and a Scientific Collecting Permit 2508 and MOU from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. We would also like to thank Anna Mitelberg and Tram Nguyen for their contributions in the lab, validating and optimizing microsatellite markers as well as assisting in generating genotype data for range-wide samples. We thank Cynthia Steiner and 2 anonymous reviewers for their comments and feedback in improving this manuscript.
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Hendricks, S., Navarro, A.Y., Wang, T. et al. Patterns of genetic partitioning and gene flow in the endangered San Bernardino kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami parvus) and implications for conservation management. Conserv Genet 21, 819–833 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01289-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01289-z