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Yucasin and cinnamic acid inhibit IAA and flavonoids biosynthesis minimizing interaction between maize and endophyte Aspergillus nomius

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Abstract

Chemical crosstalk between plant roots and associated microbes is imperative for the initiation of symbiosis. Phenolics, flavonoids and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are acclaimed as signaling molecules in developing plant-microbe symbiosis. The role of IAA and flavonoids in establishing a symbiotic relationship between Aspergillus nomius wlg2 and maize roots have also been observed during the present study. The isolate A. nomius wlg2 and maize roots have secreted flavonoids and IAA that helped in A. nomius-maize association. However, the suppression of either flavonoids or IAA secretion reduced the endophyte colonization of the maize roots by 77% and 67%, respectively. The main flavonoids secreted by maize were identified as luteolin, calycosin, phenolics cis-caftaric acid, and caffeoyl-d-glucose. The identified flavonoids were most likely to be involved in the root-endophyte association. To establish a plant-microbe interaction, the complex chemical dialogue is necessary for which IAA and flavonoids play a central role.

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Funding

We are thankful to the Higher Education Commission (HEC-Pakistan) and Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan for providing the funds for the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Asif Mehmood

  2. Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Anwar Hussain, Muhammad Irshad & Muhammad Hamayun

  3. Department of Food Science & Technology, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Amjad Iqbal

  4. National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Abdul Tawab

  5. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Naeem Khan

Authors
  1. Asif Mehmood
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  2. Anwar Hussain
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  3. Muhammad Irshad
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  4. Muhammad Hamayun
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  5. Amjad Iqbal
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  6. Abdul Tawab
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  7. Naeem Khan
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Contributions

AM, MI, NK performed the experiments. AM, MI, AT performed the LC-MS/MS analysis and interpretation of the LC-MS/MS data. AH, MH, AI analyzed and wrote the manuscript. AH, MH, AI edited the manuscript and arranged work resources. AH supervised the whole project.

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Correspondence to Asif Mehmood or Anwar Hussain.

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Mehmood, A., Hussain, A., Irshad, M. et al. Yucasin and cinnamic acid inhibit IAA and flavonoids biosynthesis minimizing interaction between maize and endophyte Aspergillus nomius. Symbiosis 81, 149–160 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-020-00690-z

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