Abstract
Development of new strategies to add-value to agro-industrial by-products are of environmental and economical importance. Innovative and low-cost sources of protein and bioactive peptides have been explored worldwide. Spent brewer’s yeast (SBY) is the second most relevant by-product from the brewing industry, and despite its nutritional (about 50% protein, dry weight) and technological potential, it is still underused or needs to be disposed of. SBY cells need to be disrupted to release intracellular and cell wall proteins. This procedure has been performed using autolysis, glass bead milling, enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasound processing. Enzymatic treatment is usually performed without prior purification and is a challenging process, which involves multiple factors, but has been successfully used as a strategy to add value to agro-industrial by-products. Scope and approach: in this review, we particularly focused on enzymatic hydrolysis as a strategy to promote SBY valorisation, illustrating the state-of-the-art processes used to produce protein extracts from this material as well as exploring fundamental concepts related to the particularities of yeast cell disruption and protein hydrolysis. Furthermore, innovative applications of value-added yeast by-products in food, biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries are presented and discussed. Key findings and conclusions: the discovery of valuable compounds found in spent yeasts as well as the development of new processing methodologies have been widening the possibilities of reuse and transformation of SBY as an ingredient and innovative matrix. Once released, yeast proteins and peptides may be applied as an innovative non-animal protein source or a functional and bioactive ingredient.
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Adapted from Mussatto (2009)
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation, Grant Numbers #2016/18465-8, #2018/04067-6) and CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Grant Number 306461-2017-0). The authors are also thankful to Food Engineering Doctoral Program of UNICAMP (Brazil), GAIA Doctoral School, Institut Européen des Membranes (Université de Montpellier, France), Tiago Afonso Marenda, Martin Hartinger and Philipp Hartinger from Brauerei Stierberg (Stierberg, Germany).
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All authors contributed to the idea and concept of the study. Literature search and data analysis was performed by GVM. The first draft of the manuscript was written by GVM and all authors reviewed and commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Funding acquisition, resources and supervision were done by M-PB and MDH. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Marson, G.V., de Castro, R.J.S., Belleville, MP. et al. Spent brewer’s yeast as a source of high added value molecules: a systematic review on its characteristics, processing and potential applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 36, 95 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02866-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02866-7