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Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying resistance and tolerance to the rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, in Asian rice (Oryza sativa)

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Abstract

Meloidogyne graminicola is one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes in rice. Breeding for natural resistance and tolerance is considered one of the most economical and sustainable approaches to control this damaging pathogen. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was carried out in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the Asian rice genotypes IR78877-208-B-1-2 and Dinorado. IR78877-208-B-1-2 is an aerobic rice genotype that is resistant and tolerant to M. graminicola. Dinorado is a traditional upland rice genotype from the Philippines that is characterized by its aroma and prized for its cooking quality. The host response of 300 F4 lines derived from this cross was evaluated in both nematode infested and non-infested concrete beds in the dry seasons of 2013 and 2014. Five genotypes were found consistently resistant while 13 genotypes were consistently partially resistant to M. graminicola. QTL mapping for M. graminicola resistance/tolerance, yield-contributing traits, and yield revealed four main effect QTLs (qJ2RS2.1, qJ2GRT2.1, qJ2RS3.1, and qJ2GRT3.1) associated with reduced nematode reproduction on chromosomes 2 and 3 and two QTLs (qGR3.1 and qGR5.1) associated with reduced root galling on chromosomes 3 and 5. Twenty main effect QTLs associated with yield-contributing traits and yield were also found. Our study further identified co-locating QTLs associated with nematode resistance, yield-contributing traits, and yield on chromosomes 3 and 5. QTLs harboring candidate genes, such as OsBAK1, OsDST, OsIPT4, and DUF26, for higher grain yield and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress, were identified. These QTLs and the RILs that are consistently resistant and tolerant to M. graminicola, and which are high-yielding in nematode-infested fields, can be utilized in breeding programs to improve the resistance and tolerance of Asian rice to this important pathogen.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the nematology and drought/aerobic breeding teams at IRRI for their technical assistance.

Funding

This research was financially supported by the Flemish Interuniversity Council (VLIR-UOS), Belgium, and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Rice Research Rice Institute (IRRI), Dapo Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines

    Judith Galeng-Lawilao, B. P. Mallikarjuna Swamy, Tapas Kumer Hore & Arvind Kumar

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Benguet State University, 2601 La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines

    Judith Galeng-Lawilao

  3. Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Catholic University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium

    Dirk De Waele

  4. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa

    Dirk De Waele

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  1. Judith Galeng-Lawilao
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Correspondence to Judith Galeng-Lawilao.

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Galeng-Lawilao, J., Swamy, B.P.M., Hore, T.K. et al. Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying resistance and tolerance to the rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, in Asian rice (Oryza sativa). Mol Breeding 40, 63 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-020-01137-5

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