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Evaluation of Boron’s Adjuvant Activity in Inactive Bacterin Vaccines Using the Mice Model

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Abstract

Vaccination is the most effective, reliable, and economical way of preventing or reducing the effect of infectious diseases. When preparing inactive vaccines, a range of additives called adjuvants are necessary to enhance the magnitude of the immune response. Boron has a wide range of industrial and medical applications, and its positive effects on distinct functions have been described in plants, humans, and animals. However, no studies exist about the possible adjuvant activities of boron compounds in vaccines. Hence, in this study, the potential adjuvant effect of boric acid was explored and compared with common veterinary adjuvants in a mice model. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) used as vaccine antigen was isolated from dairy cows with bovine mastitis. Vaccines adjuvanted with boric acid, aluminum hydroxide, Montanide ISA 50 and ISA 206, and Montanide + boric acid combinations were prepared. The efficacy of vaccines was evaluated according to local reactions at the injection site, C-reactive protein, total Ig G, total Ig M, and anti-S. aureus antibody levels in mice. Boric acid reduced local inflammatory reactions induced by the Montanide adjuvants. Moreover, mice vaccinated with boric acid-adjuvanted vaccine had higher levels of anti-S. aureus antibody than those in the controls (P < 0.05) and were similar to the levels found in mice sensitized with aluminum hydroxide. Total Ig G and Ig M results were, however, unsuitable for the assessment of adjuvant activity for this study. In conclusion, this study revealed that boric acid has an adjuvant potential in inactive bacterin vaccines, but further target animal studies are needed.

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Acknowledgments

The part of this study was presented in abstract form as a poster presentation in the VET Istanbul Group Congress 2016, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Funding

This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (grant number 115 O 826).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Zafer Sayın, Ali Uslu, Osman Erganiş, Aslı Sakmanoğlu & Uçkun Sait Uçan

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Abdullah Başoglu

  3. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey

    Özgür Özdemir

  4. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey

    Zeki Aras

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  1. Zafer Sayın
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  2. Ali Uslu
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  3. Osman Erganiş
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  4. Abdullah Başoglu
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  5. Özgür Özdemir
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  6. Aslı Sakmanoğlu
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Contributions

All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. ZS, AB, OE, and USU conceived and designed the experiments. ZS, AU, AS, and ZA performed the experiments. OO performed the necropsy and macroscopic examination. ZS, AU, AB, and OE analyzed the data and interpreted the experiments results. ZS and USU wrote and reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zafer Sayın.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center of Selcuk University in Konya, Turkey (Protocol Number: 2015/44).

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Sayın, Z., Uslu, A., Erganiş, O. et al. Evaluation of Boron’s Adjuvant Activity in Inactive Bacterin Vaccines Using the Mice Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 1037–1043 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02233-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02233-5

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