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Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary), and Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) extracts aid murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) to fight Streptococcus mutans during in vitro infection

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Abstract

Finding an effective alternative way to aid defense cells to fight Streptococcus mutans was the main goal of this study. The effect of plant extracts from Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary), and Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) was evaluated on murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) infected by S. mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined. Macrophages were infected by S. mutans and treated with each extract. From the supernatants, it was measured nitric oxide (NO) level. Posteriorly, RAW 264.7 were lysed to expose living and phagocytosed bacteria. Cytotoxicity was checked by lysosomal activity analysis, using neutral red assay. Each extract helped RAW 264.7 to eliminate S. mutans during infection, as observed by a significant bacterial reduction. Significant cell viability was also found. Besides, an increased production of NO was verified using R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L. extracts. The evaluated extracts demonstrated an effective action to assist RAW 264.7 to fight S. mutans during infection.

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Acknowledgements

To Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for Research Grant 2015/08776-3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil

    Leandro Wagner Figueira, Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira & Luciane Dias de Oliveira

  2. Anhembi Morumbi University, School of Medicine, Av. Dep. Benedito Matarazzo, 4050, São José dos Campos, SP, 12230-002, Brazil

    Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira

  3. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA

    Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo

Authors
  1. Leandro Wagner Figueira
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  2. Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira
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  3. Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo
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  4. Luciane Dias de Oliveira
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Correspondence to Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira.

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Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

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Figueira, L.W., de Oliveira, J.R., Camargo, S.E.A. et al. Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary), and Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) extracts aid murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) to fight Streptococcus mutans during in vitro infection. Arch Microbiol 202, 2269–2277 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-01945-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-01945-5

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